Herbal Cascara Sagrada and (Mastitis) inflammation of breast tissue

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc., effect.
Mastitis is the  inflammation of breast tissue, mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus

The ingredients
Beside the main compound of anthraquinones, otyher compounds include anthraquinone glycosides, (emodin, frangulin, iso-emodin, aloe-emodin, and chrysophanol), rhein, aloin, malic acid, tannic acid, cascarosides A, B, C, and D, and hydroxy anthracene derivatives (HAD), etc.

The effects
Nanosilver particles (AAgNPs), a derivative of chemical constituent of aloin found in Cascara Sagrada may be the protential target used as antibiotics for treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases, including mastitis. In the Staphylococcus aureus induced murine mastitis study of a total of 40 female mice were divided into five groups of eight animals each, Nanosilver particles (AAgNPs) is found to be effective (concentration of 21.8) than antibiotic as it exerted the anti inflammatory activity in reducing white blood cell (poly-morpho nuclear cell) infiltration.Other chemical compound emodin found in the herb, in a study of of the same but with  lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis also found to significantly reduced infiltration of neutrophilic granulocyte. These result may be given the green light for the chemical compounds of Cascara Sagrada used as a novel treatment strategy for mastitis.

The Side effects
1. Cascara Sagrada can be liver toxic.
2. It may cause Postal hypertension
Cascara sagrada (CS) has been associated with the development of cholestatic hepatitis, complicated by portal hypertension.
3. Fresh cut, dried bark may cause vomiting and diarrhea.
4. It may allergic effect.
5. Etc.


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References
(1) Emodin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice by inhibiting activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signal pathways by Li D, Zhang N, Cao Y, Zhang W, Su G, Sun Y, Liu Z, Li F, Liang D, Liu B, Guo M, Fu Y, Zhang X, Yang Z.(PubMed)
(2) Evaluation of therapeutic potential of nanosilver particles synthesised using aloin in experimental murine mastitis model by Chaitanya Kumar TV, Muralidhar Y, Prasad PE, Prasad TN, Alpha Raj M.(PubMed)