Phytochemical Piperine and Breast Cancer

Piperine is a phytochemical alkaloid in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in white and black pepper, long pepper, etc.
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

The health benefits
Piperine, a chemical component of black pepper, showed a strongly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of breast caner cells and HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2-positive breast cancer tends to be more aggressive) gene expression. Pretreatment of piperine also enhanced sensitization to paclitaxel killing in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells of that reduces the risk of cancer from occurring. Other study of piperine against breast cancer also showed that Piperine (35-280 μmol/L) inhibited the growth of 4T1 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners (the IC(50). Treatment of 4T1 cells with piperine (70-280 μmol/L)  induced apoptosis of 4T1 cells, accompanying activation of caspase 3. As the results, the phytochemical piperine may be a potential agent for treating breast cancer.

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References
(I) Antitumor efficacy of piperine in the treatment of human HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells by Do MT, Kim HG, Choi JH, Khanal T, Park BH, Tran TP, Jeong TC, Jeong HG.(PubMed)
(2) Piperine suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo in a 4T1 murine breast cancer model by Lai LH, Fu QH, Liu Y, Jiang K, Guo QM, Chen QY, Yan B, Wang QQ, Shen JG.(PubMed)