Herbal Butterbur and Airway inflammation

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetland, riverside, forest, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Northern Hemisphere. It has been used in herbal medicne used as an pain reliever in digestive system, including stomach, bile ducts, and duodenum, etc.
Airway inflammation is the inflammation of the airway as a result of other condition include asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis.

The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene and pethybrene,  quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin and iso-S-petasin, etc.

The benefits
Petasites japonicus (Pj), the giant butterbur has been used in traditional Oriental medicine for treating asthma, oxidant stress and gastric ulcer. It extracts has exerted its suppressive properties for the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and may be condidered as  a potent agent for the treatment of asthma. Other in the study of Petasites extract Ze 339 (PET) of herbal Petasites hybridus (butterbur) showed to inhibit leukotriene activity, reduce allergic airway inflammation and AHR by inhibiting the production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, and RANTES.


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Side effects
1. Butterbur may be liver-toxic to liver and cause cancer due to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids(a)
2. If you are pregnant please do not use Butterbur with out the permission of the related special field specialist
3. Allergic effect to certain people who are allergic to ragweed, marigold, daisy, etc.
4. Overdoses may cause indigestion, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
5. Etc.

References
(1) Suppressive effect of Petasites japonicus extract on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in an asthmatic mouse model by Lee JS, Yang EJ, Yun CY, Kim DH, Kim IS.(PubMed)
(2) Petasites extract Ze 339 (PET) inhibits allergen-induced Th2 responses, airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in mice by Brattström A, Schapowal A, Maillet I, Schnyder B, Ryffel B, Moser R.(PubMed)