Phytochemical Alliin Protects The Heart Muscle Against Heart Attacks (Myocardial Infarction)

By Kyle J. Norton

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a medical condition known as heart attacks caused by the blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, leading to the damage to the heart muscle.

In other words, myocardial infarction (MI) occurs due to the imbalance in oxygen supply and demand caused by plaque rupture with thrombus formation in an artery, leading to the reduced blood flow to the heart.

According to the statistics provided by the CDC, every year, approximately, about 790,000 Americans have a heart attack, including 580,000 cases of a first heart attack and 210,000 to people who have already had a first heart attack.

Most common symptoms of MI are pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in your chest, digestive discomforts such as nausea, indigestion, heartburn, abdominal pain, shortness of breath and dizziness.

Conventionally, treatment of myocardial infarction is focus to reduce the damage of the heart muscle accomplished through medical or mechanical means.

Dr. James TN in the examination of the complex causes of fatal myocardial infarction wrote, "It is too often deduced that myocardial infarction is due to coronary occlusion and that subsequent death needs no other explanation. But the great majority of myocardial infarctions are not fatal, whether treated or untreated".

And, "There is, of course, some relation to the size of the infarct and the presence or absence of complicating conditions such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension".

In other words, Myocardial infarction can be fatal if the incidence occurs in patients with other medical conditions associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

On finding a natural compound for the treatment of myocardial infarction, researchers examined the antihyperlipidemic, antilipoperoxidative and antioxidant effects of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (SACS) in myocardial infarcted rats.

The study included rats induced myocardial infarction by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) (150 mg kg(-1)) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days.

Before treatment of SACS, ISO-treated rats showed a significant increase in the levels of serum iron, uric acid and blood glucose, Na(+) and Ca(2+) associated with electrical abnormalities in the heart.

ISO-treated rats showed a significant decrease in the levels of plasma iron binding capacity, an indication of inflammation, serum total protein, albumin/globulin ratio similar to those of patients with abnormal heart rhythm, heart K(+) and heart glycogen involved in weak heart muscles.

In other words, ISO has caused significant damage to the heart functioning physically in myocardial infarction rats.

Furthermore, ISO also induced significant production of proinflammatory cytokines observed by the significant increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, neutrophils, platelet count and fibrinogen level.

Additionally, the heart failure marker of glycoproteins in serum and the heart were increased in both levels/concentrations.

However, oral pretreatment with SACS (40 and 80 mg kg(-1)) daily for a period of 35 days reversed all the biochemical parameters studied in ISO-induced rats.

Collectively, SACS showed a protective effect against ISO-induced myocardial infarction in tested rats.

Taken altogether, alliin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction with no side effect, responding to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Alliin, a Garlic (Allium sativum) Compound, Prevents LPS-Induced Inflammation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Saray Quintero-Fabián,1,2 Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún,1 Manuel Vázquez-Carrera,3 and Rocío Ivette López-Roa. (Hindawi)
(2) Protective effect of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (alliin) on glycoproteins and hematology in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in male Wistar rats by Sangeetha T1, Quine SD. (PubMed)
(3) Complex causes of fatal myocardial infarction by James TN. (PubMed)