Healthy Food Onion Inhibits Invasive Osteosarcoma in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer found mostly in teenagers and people over age 60.

Most cases of osteosarcoma are associated with genetic syndromes. In other words, Osteosarcoma is associated with a genetic preposition inherited from the parent.

Dr. James J. Morrow wrote, "Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone, typically presenting in the first or second decade of life".

And, " Increased risk of osteosarcoma is associated with a number of well-defined genetic syndromes: hereditary retinoblastoma (germline mutation of the Rb gene), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (germline mutation of the p53 gene), Bloom syndrome (germline mutation of the RECQL2 gene), Werner syndrome (germline mutation of the RECQL3 gene), and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (germline mutation of the RECQL4 gene)".

The exact causes of osteosarcoma are unidentified. However, epidemiologically, besides gene expression, an unhealthy lifestyle such as body weight, physical activity, diet, and tobacco, gender, age, height, ethnicity and exposure to bone radiation are also some prevalent factors found in patients with the disease.

According to the statistic, in the US, osteosarcoma is rare and approximately 900 new cases of osteosarcoma are diagnosed each year. Children and teens are younger than 20 accounts for half of the numbers.

The overall 5-year survival rate for children and teens with osteosarcoma is 70%. If cancer has spread to the lung, the 5-year survival rate is only 40% comapred to localized cancer between 60% to 80%.

Conventionally, Most cases of osteosarcoma are o treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

In patients with high-grade tumors, before surgery, neo-adjuvant therapy may be necessary to shrink the tumor.

The onion is a plant in the genus Allium, belongings to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic. It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures. 

Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet.

On finding a potent ingredient for the treatment of osteosarcoma researchers examined the effects of quercetin on proliferation, migration, and invasion in U2OS and Saos-2 cells.

According to the tested analysis, quercetin (20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 μM) for 48 h, incubation with U2OS and Saos-2 cells showed a significant reduction of cancer cell viability, in a dose-dependent manner.

Cell adhesion, invasion, and migration of the tested cell lines were also significantly inhibited by the application of quercetin only at higher concentration.

Furthermore, the expressions of pro-apoptotic matrixes were increased accompanied by the decrease of anti-apoptotic proteins.

Moreover, gene PTHR1 associated with tumor proliferation was also decreased by quercetin.

More precisely, PTHR1 expression in U2OS cells was reduced by 0.18-, and 0.41-fold at 80, and 100 μM, respectively, whereas 0.15 and 0.38 folds in Saos-2 cells. 

In other words, by inhibiting the expression of PTHR, quercetin inhibited proliferation and invasion of the tested cell lines.

Based on the results, researchers said, "quercetin reduced human metastatic osteosarcoma cell invasion, adhesion, proliferation, and migration by inhibiting PTHR1."

Taken altogether, onion may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Quercetin suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of metastatic osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting parathyroid hormone receptor 1 by Li S1, Pei Y1, Wang W1, Liu F1, Zheng K2, Zhang X.
(PubMed)
(2) Quercetin inhibits migration and invasion of SAS human oral cancer cells through inhibition of NF-κB and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 signaling pathways by Lai WW1, Hsu SC, Chueh FS, Chen YY, Yang JS, Lin JP, Lien JC, Tsai CH, Chung JG. (PubMed)