Phytochemical Alliin Inhibits Parameters Involved in the Onset of Metabolic Syndrome

By Kyle J. Norton

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglycemia, hyperlipidemia associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

In other words, if you have 3 of conditions of obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, elevated blood sugar, and low HDL cholesterol, you are at the increased risk of CVD and diabetes.

Epidemiological studies suggested people who are overweight and obesity and physical inactivity and have a condition of insulin resistance are most likely to have metabolic syndrome developing.

In the unpreventable risk factors such as aging, ethnicity, and a dietary carbohydrate, with a lower intake of crude fiber are also found in the people with the condition.

According to the statistics, among US adults aged 18 years or older, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome rose by more than 35%. From 1988–1994 to 2007–2012, the condition increased from 25.3% to 34.2%.

Out of many risk factors associated with the onset of metabolic syndrome, some researchers suggested the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades may be the major culprit in inducing the rise of the metabolic syndrome, globally.

Dr. Mohammad G. Saklayen in the investigation of the global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome said, "Though it started in the Western world, with the spread of the Western lifestyle across the globe, it has become now a truly global problem. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is often more in the urban population of some developing countries than in its Western counterparts.

And, " The two basic forces spreading this malady are the increase in consumption of high calorie-low fiber fast food and the decrease in physical activity due to mechanized transportations and sedentary form of leisure time activities".

The results strongly suggested if you are the Western diet follower, your risk of metabolic syndrome increase many folds compared to those of traditional diet.

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

On finding a natural ingredient with anti-metabolic syndrome activity, researchers examined the synthetic form of S-ally-mercapto captopril (CPSSA), a new stable synthetic compound produced by composition of allicin and captopril.

On fructose-induced metabolic syndrome rat model, alliin at 8 mg/kg-day exerted a significant effect by inhibiting the expression of metabolic parameters such as insulin, triglycerides, and homocysteine concentrations with a lesser effect of SBP

Compared to alliin, Captopril (50mg/(kg day)) only improved blood pressure and homocysteine.

Compared to a low dose of CPSSA (5mg/(kg day)) that lowered SBP but did not improve any other measured parameter, a higher dose (50mg/(kg day)) showed a significantly decreased blood pressure, triglycerides, and homocysteine concentrations.

The results strongly suggested that CPSSA, the combination of alliin and captopril may be used for the reducing risk of metabolic syndrome.

In the examination of treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, associated with the use of nutraceuticals, most of which have plant origins (phytochemicals), accompanied by lifestyle improvement, researchers found that alliin from garlic with an adequate dose should improve a number of the MetS components.

Taken altogether, alliin used alone or combined with conventional medicine may be considered supplements for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome,  pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The effects of S-allylmercaptocaptopril, the synthetic product of allicin and captopril, on cardiovascular risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome by Oron-Herman M1, Rosenthal T, Mirelman D, Miron T, Rabinkov A, Wilchek M, Sela BA. (PubMed)

(2) Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome by Cicero AF1, Colletti A. (PubMed)
(3) The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome by Mohammad G. Saklayen. (PMC)