Tuesday 18 December 2018

Phytochemical Allicin, the Potential Natural Antibiotic Alternative

By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemical Allicin may be the next generation of natural antibiotic alternative for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases caused by the bacterium, some studies suggested.

Allicin is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in onion and garlic.

Phytochemicals, the natural chemical constituent, protect the plants against diseases and form their outer's color.

Under the normal condition, the immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. 

Foods and nutritional supplements, herbs may also play an important role in enhancing the immune system defense against viruses and bacteria attacks.

Infection is a result of the battle of the invasion of the foreign organisms body tissues by disease-causing agents and the reaction of the immune system response.

Infectious disease is a condition caused by prolonged infection and the failure of the macrophages, the body's first line of defense of the immune system to completely destroy the invasive pathogens through production pro-inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of infection.

Antibiotics are the most common treatment of infectious diseases. Treatment can be targeted more precisely with the diagnosis. Application of Antibiotics in most cases are quite effective in reversing bacterial infections.

However, by killing the infectious bacteria and healthy cells nearby, the medication may induce some side effects such as common gastrointestinal discomforts.

In serious cases, the use of antibiotics may also cause blood in the stool and persistent and intense stomach cramping or pain and uncontrol vomiting.

If you currently taking antibiotics, please make sure that you know all the side effect for preventive measure.

The research team of infectious disease at The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine in the concerns of the side effects of antibiotics launched an investigation to test the antimicrobial activity of garlic allicin on oral pathogens associated with dental caries and periodontitis.

The experiment found that Allicin is effective against all the tested bacteria.

Injection of the broth dilution from Allicin inhibited the planktonic growth of the cariogenic, gram-positive species Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, and Actinomyces oris at the concentration of 600 μg/mL or higher.

Gram-negative periopathogenic species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum were inhibited by a minimum allicin concentration of 300 μg/mL.

Allicin at the concentration of (2,400 μg/mL). exerted the lowest effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis, an anaerobic, gram-negative pathogen and the bacterium most associated with chronic periodontitis.

Further analysis also discovered that Allicin inhibited levels of the arginine and lysine gingipains, the major virulence factors of this organism.

And, A gingipain-inactivated mutant demonstrated high sensitivity to allicin (<300 μg/mL), revealing that gingipains confer resistance to allicin.  

After taking into account of co and confounders, Dr. Bachrach G, the lead author wrote in the final report, " these results support the traditional medicinal use of garlic and suggest the use of allicin for alleviating dental diseases".

Additionally, in the reaffirming of the effects of Allicin against Streptolysin O (SLO), a potent cytolytic toxin and an important virulence factor produced by almost all strains of group A streptococci researchers revealed that application of Allicin neutralizes SLO in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Moreover, A 15 min incubation of SLO with 35 microg allicin totally inhibited the hemolytic activity of SLO [IC(50) (concentration necessary to reach half maximum inhibition)=5.97 microg], the was equipotency similar to those of pure allicin (IC(50)=6.27 microg; P<0.05).

In contrast, fresh extract of garlic inhibited the SLO hemolytic activity at lower concentrations (IC(50)=1.59 microl; 1.9 microg allicin).

These result suggested that Allicin and allicin may be a potential alternative drug against streptococcal diseases.

Taken altogether, Allicin found in great amount in garlic may be considered a functional bioactive compound for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection, depending to the result of larger sample size and multicenter in the human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Garlic allicin as a potential agent for controlling oral pathogens by Bachrach G, Jamil A, Naor R, Tal G, Ludmer Z, Steinberg D.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of streptolysin O by allicin - an active component of garlic by Arzanlou M, Bohlooli S.(PubMed)

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