Celery, in the Prevention and Treatment of Liver Disease

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a whole food for the prevention and treatment of liver disease without inducing any side effects, according to some studies.

 Liver disease is a medical and chronic condition characterized by impeding the function of the liver.

There is no single cause of liver disease. However, certain conditions such as hepatitis virus, liver scars, and long-term intake of certain medication such as Vicodin, Norco, and statins, are associated with the onset of the disease.

The liver, one of the main organ in the human plays a critical role in the metabolism of protein such as changing amino acids in foods so that they can be absorbed to produce energy, or make carbohydrates or fats, blood clotting to cholesterol, glucose, and iron metabolism.

Epidemiological studies suggested that the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world may result from excessive alcohol drinking.

According to the statistic provided by the Alcohol consumption, by Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, the US adult drink averaging around 8 to 9 liters per year.

And, the article by Linda Carroll, "(Researchers found that between 1999 and 2016, annual deaths due to cirrhosis increased by 65 percent, from 20,661 to 34,174" and "Overall, deaths due to liver cancer more than doubled, increasing from 5,112 to 11,073 annually".

These results clearly support the increased alcohol drinking in the US adults is a culprit which contribute to the risk and onset of liver disease.

Sadly to find out that over nearly a decade, deaths from liver disease have been rising rapidly in the U.S., according to the article.

Celery is a species of Apium graveolens, belongings to the family Apiaceae. It is cultivated all around the globe as a vegetable. Celery can grow to 1/2 m tall with stalks (leaf on the top) arranging in a conical shape joined at a common base.

In the concern of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage, one of the most common problems among the population, researchers at the Rajalakshmi Engineering College examined the hepatoprotective effect of celery leaves on APAP-induced toxicity in a freshwater fish.

The study included fish divided into four experimental groups of 6 fish each. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 fish were exposed to APAP (500 mg/kg) for 24 h. Groups 3 and 4 fish were exposed to APAP + celery leaf powder (CE) (500 mg/kg) and CE for 24 h, respectively.

Fish treated with APAP showed significant liver damage through the observation of the elevated levels of both circulating and tissue hepatotoxic markers (AST, ALT, and ALP), reduced hepatic glycogen and lipid contents (TG and cholesterol), reduced hepatic ions (Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+)) and abnormal liver histology.

APAP treatment group also exerted an increased lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS, LHP, and PCO), an indication of oxidative stress and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) and non-enzymatic (GSH) antioxidants.

Furthermore, cellular thiol levels (T-SH, P-SH, and NP-SH)were also reduced in the APAP treatment group, an indication of reduction-oxidation (redox) state against ROS.

These abnormalities associated with APAP exposure were reversed by the treatment with CE.

Additional differentiation suggested that celery hepatoprotective effect was attributed to the presence of flavonoids such as rutein, quercetin, and luteolin.

Interestingly, the Panjab University in the study to reconfirm the traditional use of celery for the treatment of liver ailment, examine the celery antihepatotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of the seeds on rat liver damage induced by a single dose of paracetamol (3 g/kg p.o.) or thioacetamide (100 mg/kg, s.c.).

Application of the methanolic extract of the seeds demonstrated liver protective effect by restoring liver damage caused by the injection of paracetamol (3 g/kg p.o.) or thioacetamide (100 mg/kg, s.c.), according to the by monitoring several liver function tests.

In support of the above results, the Helwan University, in the study of the composition of Celery, chicory leaves, and barley grains, suggested that a positive effects in decreasing the elevation of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) and blood lipids in rat cholesterol-enriched diet.

Taken altogether, celery may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of liver disease with side effects.



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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(a) [Chemical constituents of fresh celery].[Article in Chinese] by Zhou K1, Wu B, Zhuang Y, Ding L, Liu Z, Qiu F(PubMed)
(1) Hepatoprotective action of celery (Apium graveolens) leaves in acetaminophen-fed freshwater fish (Pangasius sutchi) by Shivashri C1, Rajarajeshwari T, Rajasekar P.(PubMed)
(2) Hepatoprotective activity of Apium graveolens and Hygrophila auriculata against paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in rats by Singh A1, Handa SS.(PubMed)
(3) Hepatoprotective effect of feeding celery leaves mixed with chicory leaves and barley grains to hypercholesterolemic rats by Abd El-Mageed NM. (PubMed)
(4) Alcohol-related liver failure deaths rising among U.S. young adults by Linda Carroll. (Reuter)