Artichoke, The Best For the Treatment of Insulin Resistance (IR) in Patients with TCF7L2-rs7903146 Polymorphism

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a natural whole food for the treatment of insulin resistance with no side effects, according to studies.

Insulin resistance is a syndrome in which the cells in your muscles, fat, and liver do not respond well to insulin produced by the pancreas in converting glucose to energy, leading to high levels of sugar in the blood.

The causes of insulin resistance may be associated with the clogged up of the insulin receptor site that binds to insulin and passes its message to the cell.

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of diabetes.

Prediabetes is a term used to indicate a high level of blood glucose levels is higher compared to the normal range but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.

The increase in age, family history, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and abnormal waist-hip ratio are some prevalent risk factor of insulin resistance.

Interestingly, in the concern of long-term use of certain medication in the risk of insulin resistance such as glucocorticoids, antipsychotic, researchers at the Monell Chemical Senses Center,wrote, "Atypical antipsychotic (AAP) medications that have revolutionized the treatment of mental illness have become stigmatized by metabolic side effects, including obesity and diabetes"

 And, "olanzapine, an AAP highly associated with weight gain, causes significant elevations in postprandial insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucagon coincident with insulin resistance compared with placebo. Aripiprazole, an AAP considered metabolically sparing, induces insulin resistance but has no effect on postprandial hormones".

The doctor team continued, "Importantly, the metabolic changes occur in the absence of weight gain, increases in food intake and hunger, or psychiatric disease".

The findings suggested that if you are taking certain medication for the treatment of anxiety, please make sure you discuss the side effects with your doctor for preventive measure.

Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.

The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as a liver protective and detoxified agent, and to treat digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of insulin resistance examined the effects of ALE supplementation on metabolic parameters of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

The double-blind clinical trial included 80 patients with MetS in Sina Clinic, Khoy, Iran. randomly assigned to ALE or placebo groups to receive either ALE (1800 mg/d as four tablets) or matching placebo for 12 weeks.

According to the anthropometric indices, blood pressure, glucose and lipid profile levels measured before and after the study, injection of ALE supplementation decreased insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with the TT genotype of TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism (P < 0.05).

The finding strongly suggested that artichoke extract inhibited the expression of insulin resistance in a 12 weeks study in patients with the TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism.

In order to reveal more information about artichoke extract anti-insulin resistance, researchers once again investigated the effects of ALE supplementation on metabolic parameters in women with MetS.

This study included a total of 50 women (aged 20-50 years) with MetS were randomly allocated into the two groups. with the "ALE group" (received 1,800 mg hydroalcoholic extract of artichoke as four tablets per day) and the "placebo group" (received placebo consisted of cornstarch, lactose, and avicel as four tablets per day) for 12 weeks.

Surprisingly, in the carriers of A allele of the FTO-rs9939609, ALE supplementation showed a statistically significant decrease in serum triglyceride level compared with placebo without affecting the insulin parameter.

The results strongly suggested that ALE inhibited the insulin resistance selectively only on patients with the TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism.

Taken altogether, artichoke may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance in carriers of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism, pending to the results of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism modulates the effect of artichoke leaf extract supplementation on insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Ebrahimi-Mameghani M1, Asghari-Jafarabadi M2, Rezazadeh K. (PubMed)
(2) Effects of artichoke leaf extract supplementation on metabolic parameters in women with metabolic syndrome: Influence of TCF7L2-rs7903146 and FTO-rs9939609 polymorphisms by Rezazadeh K1, Rahmati-Yamchi M2, Mohammadnejad L3, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M4, Delazar A. (PubMed)
(3) Antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance and postprandial hormonal dysregulation independent of weight gain or psychiatric disease by Teff KL1, Rickels MR, Grudziak J, Fuller C, Nguyen HL, Rickels K. (PubMed)