Bilberry Promotes Normal Gut Microbiome for Optimizing Overall Health

By Kyle J. Norton

On seeking natural therapy with no side effects, scientists may have a whole fruit for the improvement of the ratio of the gut microbiome, according to studies.

Gut microbiota is the microbe population (tens of trillions) that lives in the intestine.

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in human overall health by assisting nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism and maintaining the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protecting the gut against pathogens.

However, according to the joint study led by the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Asian Healthcare Foundation, these functions in adults may be disrupted by several factors, including the use of antibiotics or antibiotic and diet.

Furthermore, gut microbiota also constitutes a natural defensive barrier to gut infection in a stable condition. Alternation of the gut microbiota due to infection, diet and/or lifestyle has been found to induce diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer.

People with colon cancer were found to associate with gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis). In other words, many changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer.

Out of the many risk factors involved the alternation of the gut microbiome, some researchers suggested that xenobiotics and toxicological effects may have a  strong impact on human health.

Dr. the lead scientist in the assessment of gut microbiome change on chemical risk said, " it is highly likely that the toxic effects of ingested xenobiotics are significantly enhanced or reduced by the gut microbiota".

And, "Xenobiotic suppression or enhancement of proliferation of specific groups of intestinal microbes may lead to alterations of the composition of the intestinal bacterial population, which in turn is known to affect the permeability of the intestinal epithelium...  It is thus highly likely that the integrity of the gut barrier can be affected by the changes induced by microbiota-disrupting chemicals. This may, in turn, lead to alteration in the uptake of the given chemical, as well as of other toxic and/or beneficial components present in the gut".

The results strongly suggested that injection of xenobiotic can cause a significant change in the ratio gut microbiota homeostasis, a leading cause of a number of chronic diseases.

Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.

The plant has been used as herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, and psoriasis, diabetes, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural remedy which processed a strong effect in the improvement of digestive system examined the bilberry effect on intestinal barrier function and digestive enzyme activity, through regulating the gut microbiota in aging rats.

Aging rats selected to the study were orally injected by a medium-dose bilberry anthocyanin extract (20 mg per kg bw per day) which is considered the optimum amount to regulate the intestinal function.

Injection of the experimental medium-dose bilberry anthocyanin extract showed a significant improvement of the gut/microbiome by allowing the good bacterias to growth and restricting the growth of harmful bacterias in the digestive tract.

Compared to the experimental dose, high-dose bilberry anthocyanin extract consumption altered some intestinally beneficial bacteria in an adverse way.

Furthermore, according to the tested analysis, the promotion of the gut microbiome was correlated with the changes in short-chain fatty acids and the intestinal mucosal barrier in the absorption of nutrients.

Moreover,  the medium-dose bilberry anthocyanin extract also decreased the activity of digestive enzymes in the tested rats.

In other words, the tested dose improved the digestive function through promoting healthy gut/microbiome and nutrients absorption with the needs of low levels of digestive enzymes which have been found in lower levels in the aging population.

Taken altogether, bilberry processed abundantly bioactive compound anthocyanin may be considered a function remedy for the improvement of levels of gut/microbiome for optimal health, pending to the validation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) The Seventh Biennial Berry Health Benefits Symposium by Seeram NP 1, Burton-Freeman B. (PubMed)
(2) Bilberry anthocyanin extract promotes intestinal barrier function and inhibits digestive enzyme activity by regulating the gut microbiota in aging rats by Li J1, Wu T1, Li N1, Wang X1, Chen G1, Lyu X1. (PubMed)
(3) Role of the normal gut microbiota by Sai Manasa Jandhyala, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, Mitnala Sasikala, and D Nageshwar Reddy. (PMC)
(4) Impact of the gut microbiota on chemical risk assessment by Time  Rask Licht and Martin Iain Bahl. (Science Direct)