Phytochemical 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Kills 86% of Glioblastoma Cells in Vitro After 12 Hours

By Kyle J. Norton

Glioblastoma or glioblastoma (also called GBM)  is caused mostly by the abnormal astrocytic cells and dead cells (necrosis) is considered one of the most aggressive cancers induced by the alternation of cells originated from the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres.

Although the disease does not have some specific symptoms, it shares the common symptoms of other types of cancer such as gastrointestinal discomforts accompanied by personality changes, and symptoms similar to those of a stroke.

Most patients with GBM experience symptoms of brain swelling caused by the overexpression of the fluid surrounding the tumor.

Conventionally, due to the nature of rapid growth, surgery is necessary to relieve the brain pressure and remove the tumor as much as possible, followed by radiation and chemotherapy.

According to the statistics, in the US, the incidence affects mostly in the elderly with the diagnosed rate of 3.19 per 100,000 persons. The disease is rare in children.

GBM is deadly, patients with GBM have a median survival of less than one year and less than 2% of patients survive three years or more.

3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM are phytochemicals derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, belonging to the group of Indoles, found abundantly in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and kale, etc.

Ahtough, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) presents health benefits such as antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects), it is water insoluble and thermo- and photolabile, that restrains its pharmaceutical applications.

On finding a natural bioactive compound isolated from the plant for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) researchers examined the DIM-loaded nanocapsules (NCs) prepared with different compositions scavenging activity and cytotoxicity.

In a human glioblastoma cell line (U87 cells), administration of DIM-loaded nanocapsules (NCs) exerted significant effects in the activation of free radical cytotoxicity against the cell without causing harm to the healthy cells.

According to assays, the nanoencapsulation (NCs) promoted a sustained release of the bioactive compound in the range of 58-78% after 84 h against the tested U87 cells, compared to its free form of 86% after 12 h.

Furthermore, in the highest concentrations, NCs provided a superior cytotoxic effect against the U87 cells.

In other words, the inhibition of U87 cells is proportional to the concentration NCs.

Dr. Mattiazzi J, the lead scientist said, " Our results suggest that nanoencapsulation could be a promising approach to overcome the DIM physicochemical limitations and potentialize its biological properties".

The results suggested, NCs may provide a stable condition for the release of DIM against glioblastoma cells,

Furthermore, in the concern of the prognosis for glioblastoma patients median time of survival after diagnosis measured in months, researchers examined other mechanisms of DIM anti glioblastoma cell activity.

In culture, SAR, a series of indole-3-carbinol,  particularly, DIM  displayed a low micromolar activity against resistant glioblastoma cells.

Taken altogether, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of glioblastoma and resistant glioblastoma, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Incorporation of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane into Nanocapsules Improves Its Photostability, Radical Scavenging Capacity, and Cytotoxicity Against Glioma Cells by Mattiazzi J1, Sari MHM1, Lautenchleger R1, Dal Prá M2, Braganhol E2, Cruz L. (PubMed)
(2) Preliminary SAR on indole-3-carbinol and related fragments reveals a novel anticancer lead compound against resistant glioblastoma cells by Sherer C1, Tolaymat I2, Rowther F3, Warr T3, Snape TJ. (PubMed)