Strawberry, the Delicious Fruit Which Processes Anti Colon Cancer Potential, Scientists Found

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Strawberry, a delicious fruit may have a profound effect in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer, some studies suggested.

Colon cancer is a chronic and medical condition characterized by abnormal cell growth which starts in the lining of colonic tissue. At the advanced stage, the cancerous cells can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organ through blood and fluids circulation.

According to to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, colon cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States. In 2018, approximately, over 97,000 new cases the cancer are diagnosed, causing about 50,630 deaths.

Early diagnosed with colon cancer have an over  90%  of 5 years survival rate.

The exact causes of colon cancer are unknown. However, researchers suggested that chronic inflammation of the intestines such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and genetic mutation inherited from the parents are some prevalent major risk factors.

Furthermore, age, gender, people with polyps on the inner wall of the colon or rectum, personal and family history, poor diet, and unhealthy lifestyle are also associated to the increased risk of the onset of the disease.

Dr. Junga Lee, the lead scientist in the study "Diet and Lifestyle in Colorectal Cancer Survivors" wrote, "Lifestyle factors that include obesity, physical activity, and diet are emerging as potential critical elements in improving colorectal cancer survival outcomes". and "The association between colorectal cancer mortality and modifiable lifestyle factors is growing in evidence" and 

"Changes in individual health behaviors both before and after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer may improve outcomes of survivors. Several studies have indicated that maintaining a normal weight, participating in regular physical activity, and eating a healthy diet may be important preventative steps leading to improve survival outcomes".

These results suggested that a healthy diet accompanied by an active lifestyle not only can prevent the risk of colon cancer but also can increase the survival of people who already are infected by the disease. 

In the early onset of cancer, patients may not experience any symptoms. However, if you have symptoms of the change in your bowel habits that lasts longer than a month, accompanied by rectal bleeding or blood in your stool and persistent abdominal discomfort, please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility of colon cancer.

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa, belonging to the family Roseaceae. The fruits have been grown all over the world with a suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

Chemicals constituents
The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

In the evaluate the recent discovery that ellagitannins (ETs), a class of hydrolyzable tannins found in some fruits and nuts, including strawberry may have beneficial effects against colon cancer, researchers at the University of Rhode Island launched an investigation to study whether, the efficacy of the ETs was a result from its function on ETs hydrolyzing the release ellagic acid (EA) and was converted by gut microbiota to urolithin A (UA; 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzopyran-6-one) type metabolites, which may persist in the colon through enterohepatic circulation.

On a human 293T cell line, using a luciferase reporter of canonical Wnt pathway-mediated transcriptional activation, researchers found that ETs isolated from strawberry= 20.5% GAE exerts a significant effect in inhibiting Wnt signaling in alternating healthy cells DNA transcript, the early sign of the onset of colon cancer.

These results suggested that strawberry with abundant bioactive compound ellagitannins (ETs) has a potential against colon carcinogenesis through gut microbiota.

On human colon cancer (CaCo-2) cells, according to the Scottish Crop Research Institute, strawberry extracts of EC 50 values in the range of 25-40 microg/(mL of phenols) demonstrated a strong activity against cancer cells proliferation.

Further analysis also found that The anthocyanin-rich fraction in the strawberry extract is considerably less effective than the original extract, whereas the antiproliferative activity is retained in the tannin-rich fraction. such ad ETs.

Additionally, in the examine the hypothesis of consumption of berry fruits, including strawberries ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress-mediated diseases such as cancer, researchers found that all 10 phenolics compound isolated from strawberry ( cyanidin-3-glucoside ( 1), pelargonidin (2), pelargonidin-3-glucoside (3), pelargonidin-3-rutinoside (4), kaempferol (5), quercetin (6), kaempferol-3-(6'-coumaroyl)glucoside) (7), 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl-acrylic acid (8), glucose ester of ( E)- p-coumaric acid (9), and ellagic acid) display a significantly inhibitory activity against human colon cancer cell antiproliferation, by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and luminescent ATP cell viability assays, respectively, through the compounds antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Dr. Zhang Y, the lead researchers after taking into account co and confounders said, "This study adds to the growing body of data supporting the bioactivities of berry fruit phenolics and their potential impact on human health".

The findings suggested that people in the higher risk of colon cancer may want to add 1 or 2 portions of strawberry into their daily diet for preventive measure.

Taken all together, strawberry processed high levels of phenolics compound and ellagitannins (ETs) may be considered a functional food in reducing the risk and treatment of colon cancer.



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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Effects of fruit ellagitannin extracts, ellagic acid, and their colonicmetabolite, urolithin A, on Wnt signaling by Sharma M, Li L, Celver J, Killian C, Kovoor A, Seeram NP. (PubMed)
(2) Berry extracts exert different antiproliferative effects against cervical and colon cancer cells grown in vitro by McDougall GJ, Ross HA, Ikeji M, Stewart D.(PubMed)
(3) Isolation and identification of strawberry phenolics with antioxidant and human cancer cell antiproliferative properties by Zhang Y, Seeram NP, Lee R, Feng L, Heber D.(PubMed)
(4) Diet and Lifestyle in Colorectal Cancer Survivors by Junga Lee,1 Justin Jeon,1 and Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt. (PMC)