Cruciferous Vegetables, The Anti Breast Cancer Functional Vegetable, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Scientists may have found a delicious whole food which has a potential in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, some studies suggested.

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is chronic disease characterized by abnormal cell growth in either the tissues the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.

There are also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast.

According to the statistic, in 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of a woman is 1/8.

As of today, the exact causes of breast cancer are still unknown. Researchers believed that

genetic mutation inherited from the parents and an unhealthy diet and lifestyle are the major factors that facilitate the early onset of the disease.

However, dietary factors that contribute to chronic low-grade metabolic acidosis have been linked to breast cancer risk, probably are associated with the diet-dependent acid load in the risk of breast cancer.

Dr. Park YM, the lead scientist in the study "Higher diet-dependent acid load, is associated with risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister Study" in the differentiation of The Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) score used to estimate the diet-dependent acid load, said, "Since PRAL scores are positively correlated with meat consumption and negatively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake, results also suggest that diets high in fruits and vegetables and low in meat may be protective against hormone receptor-negative breast cancer".

These results suggested women who follow the typical Western diet is associated with the higher risk of breast cancer, development. 

Many other factors like pesticides used in agriculture or the exposure to chemical substances, electromagnetic pollution, environmental pollution, or cosmic radiation, as well as the use of cell phones, cosmetics, and bras, even television viewing time,

Dr. Max Dieterich, the lead author in the concerns of an unhealthy lifestyle in risk of breast cancer, wrote, "appropriate education programs addressing lifestyle changes are crucial in terms of preventing BC. These programs should be carried out by experts, begin during childhood and should contain information about the importance of a healthy dietary pattern, the avoidance of adult weight gain, physical activity, and the renunciation of alcohol and tobacco".

These propose suggested, women who change from the Western diet pattern and unhealthy lifestyle to a healthy diet pattern and lifestyle are associated with substantially reduced risk of breast cancer, compared to those do not.

Cruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli etc.

Its chemical constituents include glucosinolates, dithiolthiones, indoles, glucoraphanin, s-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, etc.

In the study to examine the anti-breast cancer effect of the organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), the dietary components present in cruciferous vegetables in human breast cancer MCF-7 and and human mammary epithelium MCF-12A cell lines, as well as in a second human epithelial cell line, human kidney HK-2 cells, researchers at the University at Buffalo found that
* Benzyls isothiocyanate (BITC), beta-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), the derivative components of ITC can inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells as well as human mammary epithelial cells at concentrations similar to those of the chemotherapeutic drug DNM.

* Sulforaphane and 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate (NITC) exert the cytotoxicity effect against MCF-7 and human mammary epithelium MCF-12A at higher IC50 values compared to BEITC and BITC.

* The effect of these ITCs on cell growth may contribute to the cancer chemopreventive properties of ITCs by suppressing the growth of preclinical tumors.

Furthermore, in the assessment of Cruciferous vegetables' isothiocyanates (ITCs) in the risk of breast cancer, researchers at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute launched an investigation to evaluate the associations between consumption of cruciferous vegetables, sources of ITCs, and breast cancer risk, and potential modification of relations by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes.

Participants in the study include cases of 740 Caucasian women with incident breast cancer identified from all major hospitals in Erie and Niagara counties and 810 controls matched to cases by age and county.

Consumption of cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, was marginally inversely associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women.

Associations were weaker or null among postmenopausal women. No significant effects of GST genotype on risk were observed in either menopausal group.

The finding suggested, cruciferous vegetables intake regularly and daily may play an important role in decreasing the risk of premenopausal breast cancer.

Interestingly, in the study of cruciferous vegetable intake and the GSTP1 Ile(105)Val genetic polymorphism on breast cancer risk, including 3035 cases and 3037 population controls who were participating in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study and for whom diet and genetic data were complete (87% of cases and 85% of controls), researchers found that 

* Cruciferous vegetable intake consistent with high isothiocyanate exposure may reduce breast cancer risk. 

* Cruciferous vegetable intake also may ameliorate the effects of the GSTP1 genotype in contribution to the risk of breast cancer.

Taken altogether, regular and daily intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with the decreasing risk of breast cancer, particularly, in women with GSTP1 genotype.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


References
(1) Dietary organic isothiocyanates are cytotoxic in human breast cancerMCF-7 and mammary epithelial MCF-12A cell lines by Tseng E, Scott-Ramsay EA, Morris ME. (PubMed)
(2) Breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is inversely associated with consumption of broccoli, a source of isothiocyanates, but is not modified by GST genotype by Ambrosone CB, McCann SE, Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, Zhang Y, Shields PG. (PubMed)
(3) Cruciferous vegetables, the GSTP1 Ile105Val genetic polymorphism, and breast cancer risk by Lee SA, Fowke JH, Lu W, Ye C, Zheng Y, Cai Q, Gu K, Gao YT, Shu XO, Zheng W.(PubMed)
(4) Higher diet-dependent acid load is associated with risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister Study by Park YM1, Steck SE2,3, Fung TT4,5, Merchant AT3, Hodgson ME6, Keller JA7, Sandler DP1. (PubMed)