Hemorrhaging is also known as bleeding or abnormal bleeding as a
result of blood loss due to internal.external leaking from blood
vessels or through the skin.
Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral hemorrhage, a sub type of intracranial hemorrhage, is defined as a condition of bleeding as a result of artery bursts
in the brain, considered as one of the main cause of stroke, according
to the research article of Endoscopic management of hypertensive
intraventricular haemorrhage with obstructive hydrocephalus(1).
D.2.2. Symptoms
1. Intracranial pressure
Intracranial pressure as a result of a traumatic brain injuries can cause large mass which puts pressure on the brain(9).
2. Severe headache followed by vomiting is one of the more common symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage, a sub types of Intracranial hemorrhage(10).
3.
Seizures with no previous history of seizures
In the study to
determine the outcome and prognostic factors in those patients with
severe AVM-ICH, showed that there were seven males and nine females with
a mean age of 32 years
(range 6-66). All had Glasgow coma score 8 or less and most exhibited
motor posturing and/or dilated pupils. Fifteen patients had
intraprenchymal, ten had intraventricular, and four had subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH). Twelve patients underwent hematoma evacuation with concomitant
decompressive craniectomy in 11 and external ventricular drainage (EVD)
in six. EVD was the only treatment offered to four patients. AVM
excision was not routinely attempted in the acute phase. Three patients
died from extensive bihemispheric infarction and refractory intracranial
pressure. All 13 survivors improved neurologically and 12 had an
acceptable functional outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤ 4) after a mean
follow-up of 10 months (range 1-49). Among all clinical, radiological,
and operative variables, only cisternal SAH (P = 0.007) and early seizures (P = 0.018) were significantly associated with death(11).
3. Other symptoms
as a result of central nervous system has been affect by intracranial
hemorrhage, such as weakness in an arm or leg, decreased alertness,
tingling or numbness, difficulty writing or reading, loss of motor
tremors, loss of balance, etc.
Risk factors
In the study of a total of 1714 patients with hemorrhagic stroke
participation in the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project (HSP), showed that of these, 217 cases met the
criteria for primary ICH. Cases with primary ICH
were matched to 419 controls. Independent risk factors for ICH included
hypertension
(adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.71; 95% CI, 3.61 to
9.05), diabetes (adjusted OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.15 to 5.01), menopause
(adjusted
OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.06 to 5.88), current
cigarette smoking (adjusted OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.44), alcoholic
drinks≥2/day
(adjusted OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.32),
caffeinated drinks≥5/day (adjusted OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.79), and
caffeine
in drugs (adjusted OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.24 to
10.20)(8).
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Sources
(1) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/7/1
(8) http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/36/9/1881.abstract
(9) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/247664-overview
(10) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21234617
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