Tuesday, 24 December 2013

Dietary Minerals - Boron(2)

Boron, a vital trace mineral found abundantly in Almond, Red Apple, Apricots, Avocado, Banana, Red kidneyBeans, etc., is necessary for the normal growth and health of the body. Boric acid has antiseptic and antiviral activity. Its aqueous solutions have been used as mouth-washes, eye-drops, skin lotions and cosmetics(1).
6. Dietary Boron and aging
Total boron concentrations in Drosophila changed during development and aging. In the study of mouses conducted by Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, found that  Adding excess dietary boron during the adult stage decreased the median life span by 69% at 0.01 M sodium borate and by 21% at 0.001 M sodium borate. Lower concentrations gave small but significant increases in life span. Supplementing a very low boron diet with 0.00025 M sodium borate improved life span by 9.5%. The boron contents of young and old mouse tissues were similar to those of Drosophila and human samples. Boron supplements of 4.3 and 21.6 ppm in the drinking water, however, did not significantly change the life span of old mice fed a diet containing 31.1 ppm boron(6).

7. Boron and hormonal regulation and cognitive function
in the study to review the scientific evidence of some studies on boron including expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing, found that there was a lack of systematic study on the safety and effectiveness of boron in humans. However, based on popular use and supportive scientific data, nine indications are discussed in this review: hormone regulation, improving cognitive function, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, vaginitis (topical), bodybuilding aid (increasing testosterone), menopausal symptoms, prevention of blood clotting (coagulation effects), and psoriasis (topical). Although studies assessing the use of boron for osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are in preliminary stages, reports are promising. There is conflicting evidence to support the use of boron in hormonal regulation and cognitive function. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted. There is fair negative evidence regarding the use of boron as an anticoagulant, a bodybuilding aid, for menopausal symptoms, or for psoriasis. Excessive use may be harmful, and caution is advised(7).

8. Boron nutrition for brain and psychological function
Certain stuies indicated that Boron (B) nutriture has been related to bone, mineral and lipid metabolism, energy utilization, and immune function. In the study to consider possible relationships between B nutriture and brain and psychological function, indicated that assessments of brain electrical activity in both animals and humans found that B deprivation results in decreased brain electrical activity similar to that observed in nonspecific malnutrition. Assessments of cognitive and psychomotor function in humans found that B deprivation results in poorer performance on tasks of motor speed and dexterity, attention, and short-term memory. However, little support was found for anecdotal reports that supplementation with physiologic amounts of B helps alleviate the somatic and psychological symptoms of menopause. Parallels between nutritional and toxicological effects of B on brain and psychological function are presented, and possible biological mechanisms for dietary effects are reviewed. Findings support the hypothesis that B nutriture is important for brain and psychological function in humans(8).

9. Dietary boron and Magnessium
In the study with human volunteers conducted to test the hypothesis that naturally occurring inadequate intakes of magnesium induce negative magnesium balance and undesirable changes in calcium metabolism variables, and that these changes are influenced by dietary boron, indicated that consuming an ordinary diet deficient in magnesium, resulting in negative magnesium balance, can affect calcium, potassium, and cholesterol metabolism. Dietary boron did not have an obvious effect on the response to magnesium deprivation(9).

10. 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and ORAI1
In the study to assess the influence of Orai1(ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1) intervention on mouse airway epithelium reactions in vivo and in vitro, found that administration of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) into the nostrils suppressed Orai1 expression in nasal and tracheal mucosa of treated mice compared with that in control mice and restrained the mediators in nasal lavage fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and airway mucosa of treated groups compared with those in control groups. Similarly, the 2-APB intervention also alleviated Orai1 and the production of the mediators in culture supernatant and cultured airway epithelium under allergic conditions(10).
 
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Sources
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7889879
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433045
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10050926
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15724868
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22289729

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