Cascara sagrada is a species
of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native
to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional
medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc., effect.
Metabolic syndrome
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, insulin resistance often goes along with other health problems, such as
diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. These problems are
all risk factors for heart disease. When a person has many of these
problems at the same time, doctors commonly call it “metabolic
syndrome.” It is sometimes called “insulin resistance syndrome” or
“syndrome X.” Many people who have type 2 diabetes also have metabolic
syndrome
Other defined it as a disorder of energy utilization and
storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of 3 out of five of the following
medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood
pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and
low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. The metabolic syndrome
increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, and diabetes.
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by
insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.
It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites
clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
The ingredients
Beside the main compound of anthraquinones, other compounds include anthraquinone glycosides, (emodin,
frangulin, iso-emodin, aloe-emodin, and chrysophanol), rhein, aloin,
malic acid, tannic acid, cascarosides A, B, C, and D, hydroxy
anthracene derivatives (HAD), etc.
The Benefits
Emodin, a chemical compound found in Cascara Sagrada may pocess the
potential to treat matabolic syndrome by inhibiting 11beta-HSD1 activity
of liver and fat significantly and reversing prednisone-induced insulin
resistance in mice. Scientific evidence to support the above, including
Dr. Wang and the research team in the study in ob/ob mice indicated
that emodin (30 μmol/L) suppressed 11-dehydrocorticosterone-induced
adipogenesis without affecting corticosterone-induced adipogenesis;
emodin (3 μmol/L) reduced 11-dehydrocorticosterone-stimulated lipolysis,
but had no effect on corticosterone-induced lipolysis. Moreover, emodin
(3 μmol/L) partly reversed the impaired insulin-stimulated glucose
uptake and adiponectin secretion induced by 11-dehydrocorticosterone but
not those induced by corticosterone. In ob/ob mice, long-term emodin
administration decreased 11β-HSD1 activity in mesenteric adipose
tissues, lowered non-fasting and fasting blood glucose levels, and
improved glucose tolerance. Other in the study of Glucocorticoid excess
(Cushing's syndrome) causes metabolic syndrome showed that a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, KR-67183, may provide a new therapeutic
window in the prevention and treatment without toxicity in type 2
diabetes with obesity as KR-67183 concentration-dependently inhibited 11β-HSD1 activity in human
and mouse 11β-HSD1 over-expressed cells and in the ex vivo assay of
C57BL/6 mice and he administration of KR-67183 (20 and 50mg/kg/day, orally for 28 days)
improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity with suppressed
11β-HSD1 activity in the liver and fat.
The Side effects
1. Cascara Sagrada can be liver toxic.
2. Postal hypertension
Cascara sagrada
(CS) has been associated with the development of cholestatic hepatitis,
complicated by portal hypertension.
3. Fresh cut, dried bark may cause vomiting and diarrhea.
4. It may cause allergic effect.
5. Etc.
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References
1. Metabolic syndrome (Wikipedia)
2. Metabolic syndrome, (American Academy of Family Physicians)
3. Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana)(Sigma Aldrich)
4. "Emodin,
a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced
obese mice" by Feng Y, Huang SL, Dou W, Zhang S, Chen JH, Shen Y, Shen JH, Leng Y.(PubMed)
5. Emodin, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor,
regulates adipocyte function in vitro and exerts anti-diabetic effect in
ob/ob mice. by Wang YJ, Huang SL, Feng Y, Ning MM, Leng Y.(PubMed)
6. Anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic effects of a novel selective
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor in the diet-induced
obese mice. by Park JS, Rhee SD, Jung WH, Kang NS, Kim HY, Kang SK, Ahn JH, Kim KY.(PubMed)
7. [Toxic hepatitis following consumption of the herbal medicinal product Cascara Sagrada].[Article in Danish]" by Jacobsen C, Semb S, Kromann-Andersen H(PubMed)
8. "Cascara sagrada-induced
intrahepatic cholestasis causing portal hypertension: case report and
review of herbal hepatotoxicity" by Nadir A, Reddy D, Van Thiel DH.(PubMed)
9. "Occupational respiratory allergic disease induced by Passiflora alata and Rhamnus purshiana" by Giavina-Bianchi PF Jr, Castro FF, Machado ML, Duarte AJ.(PubMed)
Health Researcher and Article Writer. Expert in Health Benefits of Foods, Herbs, and Phytochemicals. Master in Mathematics & Nutrition and BA in World Literature and Literary criticism. All articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only.
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