Insomnia is a sign and symptom
of sleep disorder and defined as a condition in which a person has a
difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep or sleep of poor
quality that can lead to substantial impairments in the quality of life
and functional capacity of an individual. Most adults have experienced
insomnia sometimes in their life. According to statistic, more than 30%
of the population suffers from insomnia, one in three people suffer from
some form of insomnia during their lifetime and women suffer from
insomnia more often than men.
Types of insomnia1. Transient insomnia
The
symptom is last less than a week, as a result from sleep environment
changes, timing of sleep or caused by depression, stress or other
factors.
2. Acute insomnia
Acute insomnia, a more common type of
insomnia, is defined as a condition of difficulty initiating or
maintaining sleep for a period of less than three months, one is acute
insomnia.
3. Chronic insomnia
The symptom is last more than 3 months and can be caused by another disorder, such as
emotional or psychological basis.
Diagnosis and tests
The
purpose of the insomnia diagnosis is to determine the causes (
psychology , medicine, etc) of the diseases to provide a best possible
treatment to the patient. In general, after recording the family history
and a physical and mental exams
1. obstructive sleep apnea
The
test is to determine the periodic reduction in or a complete stop of
breathing during sleep. It can be performed in the doctor office or at
the hospital.
2. Epworth Sleepiness Scale
A validated questionnaire to be answered by the patient and can be helpful in
assessing insomnia.
3. Etc.
Causes and Ricks factors of insomnia in women
There are many factors that can cause insomnia
1. Hormone change
Hormones
produced by glands or organs during menstrual cycle, pregnancy or in
the stage of menopause can affect the pattern of sleep.
a. Menstrual cycle
According to an article posted at reader digest version, health- menstrual insomnia by By Ellen Michaud with Julie Bain from Sleep to Be Sexy Smart and Slim showed
that Premenstrual insomnia, as doctors call it, seems to be associated
with a rapid drop in the hormone progesterone. “Progesterone is a
soporific, a sedative-type drug that your body gives you every month
when you ovulate,” says Dr. Lee.(researcher) “Then, just before your
period, its production either slows to a trickle or falls
dramatically.”
b. Menopause
According to the article of
Menopause And Insomnia -- New Findings Link Estrogen Decline,
Sleeplessness And Mineral Deficiency post on medical news today 15 May
2007 - 12:00 showed that women in the pre-menopause and menopause years
are more and more finding themselves experiencing symptoms of chronic
insomnia,.....Some of the above reactions occur nearly simultaneously
whenever the level of estrogen falls. as a result of gradual drop in
estrogen but severe drop in progesterone.
c. Pregnancy
The hormonal change during pregnancy may also affect the sleep pattern in some women, causing insomnia. According to
a study of 189
women completed the surveys provided by the researchers at Northwestern
studying insomnia and pregnancy, researchers found that
pregnancy insomnia could also be caused by inadequate nutrient intake,
particularly in the later stages as more nutrients are being directed
to the developing fetus. For example, blood levels of the omega-3
fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) become much lower during the
third trimester.
DHA is necessary for normal brain function. Low
DHA levels have been associated with depression. That could be the
connection between increased insomnia during pregnancy. The brain
receptors responsible for regulating sleep are the same as those
responsible for regulating mood. Both insomnia and pregnancy can affect
the mood as a result of the effects of sleep deprivation and hormonal
changes.
2. Disorder causes of insomnia
Women who has been affected by anxiety disorders or the delayed sleep phase disorder may experience the symptom of insomnia.
3. Frequent nighttime urination
Frequent
nighttime urination can cause sleep disturbance, if the disorder
persists for the prolonged period of time can lead to insomnia.
4. Depression and Anxiety
Women who have been affected by depression and anxiety are at high risk of developing insomnia.
5. Stimulants
Stimulants can cause nervous tension that can lead to insomnia.
6. Mental disorders
Increased risk insomnia for women with mental disorder.
7. Medical conditions
Certain sickness such as hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis
[ can lead to insomnia.
8. Physical exercise
Exercise-induced
insomnia ((EII)) is common in athletes. In a study of the
epidemiological survey of exercise-induced insomnia in Chinese athletes
by
Youqi Shi, Zhihong Zhou, Ke Ning, Jianhong LIU, researchers concluded that EII
symptoms are generally existed in Chinese athletes. The
difficulty-initiating sleep(DIS)are most prevalent (79.5%) among EII. It
frequently occurs after intensity exercise and before competition. 95%
of EII symptoms belong to temporary psychological and physiological
insomnia while 5% of them match the definition of insomnia described by
the CCMD-2-R or are so-called obstinate psychological and physiological
insomnia.
9. Excessive alcohol intake
Excessive intake of
alcohol can interfere with the function of the nervous system in
information transmitting information between brain cells and cells in
the body, prolonged excessive drinking can cause insomnia.
10. Smoking
Smoking is a stimulant which can interfere with the body's ability to fall asleep.
11. Etc.
Symptoms1. Difficulty falling and maintaining asleep
2. Poor quality sleep pattern
3. Difficult staying asleep
4. Poor concentration
5. Difficulty with memory
6. Impaired motor coordination
7. Irritability and impaired social interaction
8. Fatigue
9. Etc.
PreventionsA. How to avoid
1. Maintain a health diet and lifestyle to prevent the hormonal causes of insomnia.
2. Reduce intake of alcohol
3. Stop smoking
4. Moderate exercise
5. Frequent nighttime urination can be treated
6.
A glass of warm milk 15 minutes before going to bed may be helpful.
7. Taking a warm water bath an hour before bedtime can enhance sleep.
8. Reading, meditation can relieve nervous tension and induce sleep.
9. Do not eat a large meal within two hours of bedtime
10. Etc.
B. Diet1. Tofu or bean curd
Tofu
or bean curd is soft white blocks made by coagulating soy milk with
substance such as salt or acid or enzyme, a stable emulsion of oil,
water, and protein that can be made into tofu, originated from Chinese
and part of East and Southeast Asian. Since it is proven to be one of
many healthy foods, it become synonymous with vegetarianism and others.
Isoflavones
is one of the most powerful phytoestrogen, which not only helps to
reduce symptoms of peri-menopause and menopause due to decreasing of
the reproduction of estrogen as aging, it also helps to reduce symptom
of menstrual cramps and pain as well as enhancing normal menstrual
cycle.2. Tryptophan rich foodsTryptophan is an essential amino acid, the precursor to serotonin, in turn, converted to melatonin, via N-acetyltransferase and 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
activities which are necessary neurotransmitter responsible for
transmitting nerve impulses in the brain and induce relaxation and
natural sleep, but high levels of tryptophan can increase the risk of
drowsiness and cause harmful harmful effects of the age-related increase
in brain serotonin. Intake food rich of tryptophan from the food
below.a. Chicken breast and Turkeyb. Tunac. Soybeand. Beefe. Lambf. Halibutg. Shrimph. Salmoni. Etc.3. Carbohydrate
Eating foods with
high in carbohydrate stimulates the pancreas in production and
releasing insulin in the blood stream as it also reduce others amino
acids which would otherwise compete with tryptophan, leading to the
production of serotonin, which in return enhances the production
melatonin, the natural sleep induced hormone.a. Bread and pastab. Whole gain cerealc. Potatoesd. Apple pie ande. Ice creamf. Oatmeal and raisin cookiesg. Etc.High
amount of simple carbohydrate over prolonged period of time can
increase the risk of type II diabetes due to over work that diminishes
the function of pancreas in production of insulin. It If you are any
symptom of sleep disorder, eating turkey combined with complex
carbohydrate rich foods would be a better choice for meat and glucose.
What is your choice?
4. ChlorophyllAll green plants including algae
contain at least one type of chlorophyll, the green pigment of plants
which allows plants to absorb sun light and convert them into usable
energy. Beside it is best known as oxygen uptaker to the blood, it is
also important to calm the nervous system, to induce sleep due to rich
amount of magnesium.a. All dark green plants( Roman lettuce is the best choice)b. Algae (Fresh water organic growth is the best choice)c. Etc.5. MagnesiumMagnesium is a natural sedative and stabilization of abnormal nerve
excitation as it is used in conjunction with other medication to treat
depressed elderly type 2 diabetics.. The mineral is important in
manipulating of ATP, DNA, and RNA and many enzymes.a. Leaf green vegetables (due to high amount of Chlorophyll)b. Almondsc. Sesame seedd. Blackstrap molassese. Brewer's yeastf. Whole grainsg. Etc.For details of foods of above visit
100+ Healthy Foods Classificationor
Super Food Health EffectsTreatments
A. Conventional medicineGenerally, treatment of insomnia includes Non-pharmacological non-pharmacologic pharmacologicA. 1.Non-pharmacological treatmentsNon-pharmacological treatments have been used more effectively without worrying about the withdrawal effects
after discontinued use of medication, including sleep hygiene,
stimulus control, behavioral interventions, sleep-restriction therapy,
paradoxical intention, patient education and relaxation therapy.1. Sleep hygieneSleep
hygiene is the method used to treat insomnia by including all
behavioral and environmental factors that precede to sleep and may
interfere with sleep. In a study of Sleep hygiene and actigraphically
evaluated sleep characteristics in children with ADHD and chronic sleep
onset insomnia KRISTIAAN B . VAN DER HEIJDE, researchers concluded that
there were differences in sleep onset and sleep latency in ADHD children
with chronic SOI and those without insomnia; however, sleep hygiene
practices were similar and did not relate to sleep characteristics.2. Stimulus controlThe
purpose of stimulus control is to The use of conditioning techniques to
bring the target behavior of an individual under environmental control.
If a person behaviors can respond differentially to the environment
factors, he/or she are likely to fall to sleep under certain certain
conditions. the characteristics of stimulus control is to helps the
patient to behavior automatically when the conditioned stimulus is given
but not to others.3. Behavioral interventionThe
purpose of behavioral intervention is to reinforce the positive
behavior and avoid bad behavior regardless the environment influence.4. Sleep-restriction therapySleep
restriction therapy base on the hypothesis that insomnia is caused
spending too much time in bed cause of insomnia. By restriction the time
in bed determine by the time a person normally asleep and schedule for
others such as time to wake up, same bed time every night, etc.5. Paradoxical intentionParadoxical
intention is a treatment of removing the psychological habit or thought
cause of insomnia by helping the patient to understand the
irrationality of the emotional reaction6. Relaxation therapyrelaxation
therapy is a form of treatment by enhancing the person into a
relaxation stage quieting the mind to allow thoughts to flow in a
smooth and induce the relaxation response.7. Etc.A..2. Pharmacologic treaments1. Benzodiazepinesa.
Benzodiazepines is used for patient with insomnia to initiate sleep
and increase sleep time, but they also decrease deep sleep and increase
light sleep.b. Risk and side effectsb.1. Drowsiness and dizziness.b.2. Stomach upsetb.3. Headache,b.4. Confusionb.5. Impaired coordinationb, 6. Fatigueb.7. Memory lossb.8. Tremblingb.9. Etc2. Non-benzodiazepinesa.
Non-benzodiazepine is a sedative-hypnotic drugs used to treat insomnia
similar to those in the benzodiazepine class but with an advantage of
reducing the time for the patient to fall asleep.b. Risks and side effectsb.1. morning sedationb.2. Drowsinessb.3. Dizzinessb.4.Fatigueb.5. Headacheb.6. Diarrheab.7. Etc.3. Antidepressants
a. According the article of Use
of Low-Dose Sedating Antidepressants vs Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonist
Hypnotics in Treating Insomnia by Thomas Roth, PhD, the author
concluded that Because the use of low-dose sedating antidepressants in
insomnia is a common practice, one can come to 2 conclusions. These
were formalized in the National Institutes of Health State of the
Science Conference on the Manifestations and Management of Chronic
Insomnia in Adults. First, there is a need for dose-response data on
the relationship with sleep, as well as long-term efficacy data.
Second, "all antidepressants have potentially significant adverse
effects raising concerns about the risk-benefit ratio."[11]
In summary, there is a wealth of data supporting the efficacy and
safety, with some concerns mentioned above, of the BZRAs for the
management of insomnia. In contrast, while the use of low-dose sedating
antidepressants for the management of insomnia is gaining in
popularity, as pointed out by the National Institutes of Health, the
wisdom of this use awaits further data on dose-related safety and
efficacy.b. Risk and side effectsb.1. Bladder problemsb.2. Loss of libidob.3. Dizziness and drowsinessb.4. Inability to achieve an orgasmb.5. Headachesb.6. Nervousnessb.7. Etc.4. Melatonin supplement
a. Melatonin supplements has been used treat
insomnia without altering the sleep pattern by inducing sleep and
regulating the sleep/waking cycle. In a study of Melatonin and zopiclone
as facilitators of early circadian sleep in operational air transport
crews. by Paul MA, Gray G, Sardana TM, Pigeau RA, researchers concluded
that melatonin and zopiclone, in the dosages we used, are equipotent
facilitators of early circadian sleep during transmeridian air transport
operations.b. Risks and side effectsb.1. Daytime sleepiness and drowsinessb.2. Dizzinessb.3. Headachesb.4. Abdominal discomfortb.5. Confusionb. 6. Nightmaresb.7. Etc.5. Melatonin agonist
In
a study of Melatonin agonist and insomnia by Ferguson SA, Rajaratnam
SM, Dawson D., researchers concluded that all appear to be efficacious
in the treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders and some types of
insomnia. However, further studies are required to understand the
mechanisms of action, particularly for insomnia. Clinical application
of the agonists requires a good understanding of their phase-dependent
properties. Long-term effects of melatonin should be evaluated in
large-scale, independent randomized controlled trials.b. Risks and side effectsb.1. Daytime sleepinessb.2. Dizzinessb.3. Headachesb.4. Abdominal discomfortb.5. Confusionb. 6. Nightmaresb.7. Etc.6. Etc.
B. Herbs1. Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis): Chamomile, a time-honored sedative herb, is widely used in teas for its relaxing and calming effects, especialy in
South America, and Mexico it is used as a herbal medicine to treat
insomnia, restlessness and irritability, particularly in children.2. Hops (Humulus lupulus):Hops are the female inflorescences of the plant Humulus lupulus L., and used used
as an herbal medicine for mood disturbance and insomnia. In a study of
Valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine for treating insomnia: a
randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Morin
CM, Koetter U, Bastien C, Ware JC, Wooten V., researchers found that
Sleep improvements with a valerian-hops combination are associated with
improved quality of life. Both treatments appear safe and did not
produce rebound insomnia upon discontinuation during this study.
Overall, these findings indicate that a Valerian-hops combination and
diphenhydramine might be useful adjuncts in the treatment of mild
insomnia.
3. Lavender (Lavandula officinalis):Lavender is a gentle strengthening tonic for the nervous system to treat moderate depression and for generalized anxiety disorder cause of insomnia.
4. Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata):Passion flower is an important herb to treat insomnia caused by anxiety,
epilepsy, neuralgia, and withdrawal syndromes from opiates or
benzodiazepines due to its sedative effect of centrally acting
substances such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol. in a study of
Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot
double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam by Akhondzadeh
S, Naghavi HR, Vazirian M, Shayeganpour A, Rashidi H, Khani M.,
researchers found that Passiflora extract is an effective drug for the
management of generalized anxiety disorder, and the low incidence of
impairment of job performance with Passiflora extract compared to
oxazepam is an advantage. A large-scale trial is justified.5. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis):Valerian
has been used as a sedative agent to treat against insomnia,
nervousness, and restlessness by many herbalists. Please read
hops-valerian study above.6. St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): St.
John's Wort has been used as sedative agent as imipramine or selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to treat mild to moderate
depression causes of insomnia. In a study of Equivalence of St John's
wort extract (Ze 117) and fluoxetine: a randomized, controlled study in
mild-moderate depression by Schrader
E., researcher found that Although hypericum (St. John Wart extracted,
Ze 117) may be superior in improving the responder rate, the main
difference between the two treatments is safety. Hypericum was superior
to fluoxetine in overall incidence of side-effects, number of
patients with side-effects and the type of side-effect reported.7. Etc.C. Chinese HerbsIn
traditional Chinese medicine, insomnia is most often results of
imbalances of the Heart or Liver. Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan is one the most
study and used to treat insomnia. Its ingredientscontainsRadix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Dang Shen)Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Shi Chang Pu)Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae (Di Huang)Radix Angelica Sinensis (Dang Gui)Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis (Wu Wei Zi)Tuber Ophiopogonis Japonici (Mai Men Dong)Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (Suan Zao Ren)Semen Biotae Orientalis (Bo Zi Ren)Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae (Dang Shen)Sclerotium Poriae Cocos (Fu Ling)Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis (Xuan Shen)Radix Polygalae Tenuifoliae (Yuan Zhi)Radix Platycodi Grandiflori (Jie Geng)Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis (Gan Cao)Caulis Polygoni Multiflori (Shou Wu Teng)Asparagus Cochinchinensis Tuber (Tian Men Dong)The
International Chinese Medical Journal of Daytona notes in a 2003
review of insomnia posted from chinesetherapeutics.org that this
formula is especially helpful for those suffering from nervousness and
vivid, disturbing dreams.
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