A meta-analysis of weight loss occurring on ad libitum low-fat diets in intervention trials, and analysed the relationship between initial body weight and weight loss.
We selected controlled trials lasting more than 2 months comparing ad
libitum low-fat diets with a control group consuming their habitual diet
or a medium-fat diet ad libitum published from 1966 to 1998. Data were
included from 16 trials with a duration of 2-12 months, involving 1728
individuals. No trials on obese subjects fulfilled the inclusion
criteria. The weighted difference in weight loss between intervention and control groups was 2.55 kg (95% CI, 1.5-3.5; P < 0.0001). Weight loss was positively and independently related to pre-treatment body weight
(r = 0.52, P < 0.05) and to reduction in the percentage of energy as
fat (0.37 kg/%, P < 0.005) in unweighted analysis. Extrapolated to a
BMI of about 30 kg/m2 and assuming a 10% reduction in dietary fat, the
predicted weight loss would be 4.4 kg (95% CI, 2.0 to -6.8 kg). Because weight loss was not the primary aim in 12 of the 16 studies, it is unlikely that voluntary energy restriction contributed to the weight loss.
Although there is no evidence that a high intake of simple sugars
contributes to passive overconsumption, carbohydrate foods with a low
glycaemic index may be more satiating and exert more beneficial effects
on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, an
increase in protein content up to 25% of total energy may also
contribute to reducing total energy intake. In conclusion, a low-fat
diet, high in protein and fibre-rich carbohydrates, mainly from
different vegetables, fruits and whole grains, is highly satiating for
fewer calories than fatty foods(1).
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(1) "The
role of dietary fat in body fatness: evidence from a preliminary
meta-analysis of ad libitum low-fat dietary intervention studies" by Astrup A, Ryan L, Grunwald GK, Storgaard M, Saris W, Melanson E, Hill JO.
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