Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs)
are a types of antidepressant medications to treat depression and
certain neurological disorders, including obsessive-compulsive
disorder, panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety
disorder, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety
disorder (SAD), etc..
SSRI discontinuation syndrome is defined as a condition of a
syndrome as a result of interruption, reduced doses or discontinuation
of any anti depressant medication, including SSRI (selective serotonin
re-uptake inhibitor) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
(SNRI), researchers showed that The SSRI discontinuation syndrome is a characteristic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome
appears to exist. It is usually mild, commences within 1 week of
stopping treatment, resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks, and consists
of diverse physical and psychological symptoms, the commonest being
dizziness, nausea, lethargy and headache. SSRI reinstatement leads to resolution within 48 h(1).
Phytochemicals and antioxidants to reduce the symptoms of Selective
serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome
1. Tangeretin
Tangeretin, a citrus flavonoid in the oral administration resulted in significant levels of
tangeretin in the brain (hypothalamus, striatum and hippocampus).
Treatment of the rats with the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine
resulted in reduced levels of dopamine, an effect which was reversed by
the administration of tangeretin. This study concluded that tangeretin
can cross the blood-brain barrier and has a potential use as a
neuroprotective agent(16).
2. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Polyphenols
Green tea polyphenols (GTPs and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) modulation could improve the cognitive impairments induced
by psychological stress. The related mechanisms may be involved with
the changes of catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine, cytokines and
expressions of metallothioneins(17).
3. Furanocoumarins
furanocoumarins found abundantly in grapefruit with CYP2D6 inhibition
achieved in the range of 190-900 nM and Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins
were shown to be about
1,000-fold less potent, they are unlikely to interfere with drug
metabolism by CYP2D6(18).
4. N-acetyl-cysteine and curcumin
N-acetyl-cysteine has been shown to have a significant benefit on
depressive symptoms in a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Additionally, curcumin, the yellow pigment of curry, has been shown to
strongly interfere with neuronal redox homeostasis in the CNS and to
possess antidepressant activity in various animal models of depression,
also thanks to its ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases(19)
5. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958258
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11726811
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463297
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19357792
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22668245
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