Cystitis is defined as a condition of urinary bladder inflammation
Diagnosis and treatment in convention medicine perspective
1. Acute uncomplicated cystitis
In the diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, showed that Most urinary tract infections are acute uncomplicated cystitis. Identifiers of acute uncomplicated cystitis
are frequency and dysuria in an immunocompetent woman of childbearing
age who has no comorbidities or urologic abnormalities. Physical
examination is typically normal or positive for suprapubic tenderness. A
urinalysis, but not urine culture, is recommended in making the diagnosis. Guidelines recommend three options for first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis:
fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (in
regions where the prevalence of Escherichia coli resistance does not
exceed 20 percent). Beta-lactam antibiotics, amoxicillin/clavulanate,
cefaclor, cefdinir, and cefpodoxime are not recommended for initial
treatment because of concerns about resistance. Urine cultures are
recommended in women with suspected pyelonephritis, women with symptoms
that do not resolve or that recur within two to four weeks after
completing treatment, and women who present with atypical symptoms(16).
2. Interstitial cystitis
In the study of Interstitial cystitis/painful
bladder syndrome, researchers at the University of Toledo College of
Medicine, indicated that tests and tools commonly used to diagnose
interstitial cystitis/painful
bladder syndrome include specific questionnaires developed to assess
the condition, the potassium sensitivity test, the anesthetic bladder
challenge, and cystoscopy with hydrodistension. Treatment options
include oral medications, intravesical instillations, and dietary
changes and supplements. Oral medications include pentosan polysulfate
sodium, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, and immune
modulators. Intravesical medications include dimethyl sulfoxide,
pentosan polysulfate sodium, and heparin. Pentosan polysulfate sodium is
the only oral therapy and dimethyl sulfoxide is the only intravesical
therapy with U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for the
treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome(17).
Other researchers also suggested the use of intravesical pentosan polysulfate sodium simultaneously with
oral pentosan polysulfate sodium is a safe and effective therapeutic
option. It will open a new option for patients with
interstitial cystitis to reduce their severely devastating symptoms and to improve their quality of life and well-being(18).
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Sources
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9258082
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22010614
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568251
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18001798
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