Preterm Labor in Pregnancy - Diagnosis

Preterm labor is defined as a premature labor between 20 - 37 weeks of gestation before full term. According to the statistic, 1 in 8 babies is born premature and 12% of all pregnancies are ended in preterm pregnancy, causing life longed health problem to some and one of the leading cause of infant death.
Diagnosis
If you are experience certain symptoms of preterm pregnancy, after recording the family history and physical exam, your may perform
1. Speculum examination of the cervix Speculum Exam of the cervix is an examination of the cervix and vaginal walls to find out how much the cervix has opened and thinned, and any leaking fluid with the use of a sterile speculum.

2. Endovaginal cervical sonography
Endovaginal cervical sonography is a type of ultrasound used to examine the pelvic organs with an aim is to determine the length of the cervix in a preterm pregnancy if she is experience certain symptoms of preterm labor. According to the study of Mid-trimester endovaginal sonography in women at high risk for spontaneous preterm birth. by Owen J, Yost N, Berghella V, Thom E, Swain M, Dildy GA 3rd, Miodovnik M, Langer O, Sibai B, McNellis D; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network., researchers found that cervical length assessed by endovaginal sonography between 16 weeks' and 18 weeks 6 days' gestation, augmented by serial evaluations, predicts spontaneous preterm birth before 35 weeks' gestation in high-risk women.

3. Fibronectin test
Fibronectin test is performed by a specimen collected from the patient using a vaginal swab, it is a protein produced by the fetus is an excellent biological marker to determine the risk of preterm labor. The positive test is an indication of preterm pregnancy.

4. Transabdominal sonography
The test is to examine the length of the cervix to determine the risk of preterm labor.
In a study of "Comparison of transvaginal and transabdominal sonography in the detection of early pregnancy and its complications.", by Jain KA, Hamper UM, Sanders RC. researchers found that all six missed abortions were detected by endovaginal sonography, but only three were diagnosed on transabdominal sonograms. Our findings show that endovaginal sonography is more sensitive than transabdominal sonography in the detection of early pregnancy and its complications.

5. Etc. 
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