Nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys.
Glomerulonephritis is defined as the condition of inflammation of
the tiny filters in kidneys (glomeruli), which filter blood by
removing excess fluid, electrolytes and waste and pass them through
urination.
Treatments
B. In herbal medicine perspective
According to the research of Herbal treatments
of glomerulonephritis and chronicrenal failure: Review and
recommendations by Rainer Nowack, Felipe Flores-Suarez, Rainer Birck,
Wilhelm Schmitt and Urs Benck(34), some herbs below may have certain
effects in treating glomerulonephritis.
1. Astragalus
In the study to evaluate the effect of APS on glomerulonephritis
rats induced by cationic Bovine Serum Albumin(C-BSA) by
flow cytometry using Nuclear Transcription Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) as
marker, showed that the expression of NF-kappaB and the concentration of IL-2, IL-6 and
TNF-alpha were significantly decreased in the treatment group. This
study clearly suggests that APS is effective in protecting against glomerulonephritis induced by C-BSA through the inhibition of NF-kappaB mediated-cytokine pathway(35).
2. Rhubarb
In the study of the evidence of the effect of Rhubarb
in immune complex GN induced in rats by injection of anti-thymocyte
serum (ATS), researchers at the Department of Nephrology, Drum Tower
Hospital, indicated that Rhubarb-treated anti-Thy-1 animal model should develop significantly less matrix expansion. Rhubarb
also inhibited synthesis and secretion of fibronectin, an important
component of mesangial extracellular matrix. Decreased IL-1 activity
might be involved in the therapeutic effect of Rhubarb on mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis(36).
3. Perilla frutescens
In the study to evaluate the anti-nephritic effects of perilla
in HIGA mice that spontaneously develop high levels of serum
immunoglobulin A (IgA) along with mesangial IgA deposition, researchers
at the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University,
showed that Perilla
suppressed proteinuria, proliferation of glomerular cells, serum levels
of IgA, glomerular IgA and IgG depositions in HIGA mice. Cultured
Peyer's patch cells and spleen cells from perilla-treated
mice produced significantly less IgA than controls. Rosmarinic acid, by
itself, suppressed serum IgA levels and glomerular IgA deposition in
HIGA mice. Cultured spleen cells from RsA-treated mice produced less IgA
than controls(37).
4. Dan Shen and Sheng Mai Ye
In the study to investigate the effects of danshen(Salvia
plectranthoides Griff.) and shengmaiye (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey,
Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl and Schisandra chinensis Baill) on
glomerulosclerosis induced by adriamycin in SD rats, showed that
Dansheng and shengmaiye may play an important role in the treatment of
glomerulosclerosis in rats(38).
5. Arctium lappa
In the study of the ameliorative effects of arctiin from Arctium lappa on experimental glomerulonephritis
in rats, researchers at the School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical
University, found that the ameliorative effects of arctiin on glomerulonephritis
is carried out mainly by suppression of NF-kappaB activation and
nuclear translocation and the decreases in the levels of these
pro-inflammatory cytokines, while SOD is involved in the inhibitory
pathway of NF-kappaB activation. Arctiin has favorable potency for the
development of an inhibitory agent of NF-kappaB and further application
to clinical treatment of glomerulonephritis, though clinical studies are required(39).
6. Etc.
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Sources
(34) http://www.academicjournals.org/jpp/PDF/Pdf2011/Oct/Nowack%20et%20al.pdf
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17161813
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812565
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12584268
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12080639
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19524415
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