Friday 5 July 2019

Phytochemical isobetanin Protects the Breast Cell integrity and Viability Against Breast Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

The breast formed part of the women reproductive system is the tissue overlying the chest muscles with a primary function to produce milk for nutrition to the infant and baby.

The size of a women breast is totally depending on the amount of fat accumulation.

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.

However, at the advanced stage, invasive cancer cells can travel a distance away from the breast to infect other healthy tissue and organ via lymph and blood, leading to secondary metastasis.

According to the joint study led by the Unité Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, phytochemical isobetanin may process chemopreventive activity against breast cancer.

Isobetanin is Phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belongings to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard,...

In MCF-7-treated cells, betanin/isobetanin concentrate exerted anti-cancer activity by significantly decreased cancer cell proliferation and viability.

Betanin/isobetanin concentrates increased the levels of proteins associated with the promotion of apoptosis such as Bad, and p53 and alternated the cancer cells mitochondrial membrane potential that processed energy storage during oxidative phosphorylation.

Betanin/isobetanin treatment also induced autophagic cell death in MCF-7 cancer cell line.

According to the statistics, the lifetime risk of breast cancer of a woman is 12%. In the US, approximately 268,600 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in women along with 62,930 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer, compared to 2,670 new cases of invasive breast cancer in men in 2019.

Most common symptoms at the early stage of breast cancer are lump (mass) in the breast,  in the armpit (lymph nodes), nipple discharge (clear or bloody), inverted or retracted nipple, scaly or pitted skin on nipple persistent tenderness of the breast and unusual breast pain or discomfort.

However, at the advanced stage, patients with breast cancer may also experience additional symptoms of bone pain (secondary tumors in the bone), shortness of breath (secondary tumors in the lung), unintentional weight loss and drop in appetite (secondary tumors in the liver) and headaches, neurological pain or weakness (secondary tumors in the nervous system).

The causes of breast cancer are unknown. Out of many risk factors associated with the risk of breast cancer, aging may be a major factor as most breast cancers are diagnosed after age 50.

Dr. Christopher C. Benz wrote, "early-onset breast cancers largely represent inherited or early life-transforming effects on the immature mammary epithelium, late-onset breast cancers likely follow extended exposures to promoting stimuli of susceptible epithelium that has failed to age normally"

And " late-onset breast cancers grow more slowly and are biologically less aggressive than early-onset breast cancers, even when controlled for hormone receptor (e.g. estrogen receptor, ER) and growth factor receptor (e.g. HER2) expression, supporting the conclusion that the biology of breast cancer is age-dependent".


More precisely, betanin/isobetanin inhibits breast cells toxicity induced breast cancer caused by accumulated of breast tissue damage due to oxidative stress over time.

Based on the finding, researchers said, "Our data bring new insight to consider the betanin/isobetanin mix as a therapeutic anticancer compound, alone or in combination with classical chemotherapeutic drugs, especially in functional p53 tumors".

Taken altogether, isobetanin combined with betanin/may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Phytochemicals in quinoa and amaranth grains and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential health beneficial effects: A review by Yao Tang and Rong Tsao (Reseach Gate)
(2) Betanin-Enriched Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extract Induces Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death in MCF-7 Cells by Nowacki L1,2, Vigneron P2, Rotellini L2, Cazzola H1, Merlier F1, Prost E1, Ralanairina R3, Gadonna JP3, Rossi C1, Vayssade M. (PubMed)
(3) Impact of aging on the biology of breast cancer by Christopher C. Benz. (PMC)

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