Herbal Turmeric Promotes the Disaggregation of Amyloid-β Plaques in Alzheimer's disease

By Kyle J. Norton

Dementia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by a decline in mental ability in the older population that is severe enough to interfere with daily life, such as memory loss.

Compared to dementia, neurological disorders are a class of brain disease associated with reduced function of the brain, depending on the region of the neurons that were affected.

Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas, named after German physician Alois Alzheimer.

In other words, Alzheimer's disease is caused by the gradual loss of neuron functioning that usually starts with the early symptom of the difficulty of remembering recent events and worsens over time.

Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal.

The disease is most prevalent in the elderly and causes over 60% of all cases of dementia.

According to the statistics, approximately 5.7 million Americans of all ages are living with Alzheimer's. 

Believe it or not, 15.9 million family caregivers provided an estimated 18.2 billion hours and $230 billion to people with dementia worldwide.

Epidemiological studies suggested that Alzheimer's disease is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the neurons of the brain over time. However,  less 10% of patients with AD are associated with a genetic preposition. Patients with such mutated genes on chromosomes 21, 14, and 1are virtually guaranteed to develop the disease.

Dr. Rudolph E. Tanzi said, "The inheritance of AD exhibits a dichotomous pattern. On one hand, rare mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 virtually guarantee early-onset (<60 years) familial AD, which represents ∼5% of AD. On the other hand, common gene polymorphisms, such as the ε4 and ε2 variants of the APOE gene, can influence susceptibility for ∼50% of the common late-onset AD".

And, " These four genes account for 30%–50% of the inheritability of AD".

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a natural compound which reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), researchers examined the neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties of turmeric in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

In vivo and vitro, curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric herb exerted significant activity against the formation and promotes the disaggregation of amyloid-β plaques.

Furthermore, in hyperphosphorylation of tau, curcumin attenuated the saturation of multiple phosphorylation sites. Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in the brain plays a vital role in the molecular pathogenesis of AD.

Moreover, curcumin enhanced the clearance of amyloid-β plaques aggregation by binding to the binds copper, lowering cholesterol.

Interestingly, curcumin also modified microglial activity against inflammation, inhibited acetylcholinesterase, the enzymes associated with reduced function neurotransmitters and mediated the insulin signaling pathway that augments neuronal growth and synaptogenesis associated with synapse formation.

Additionally, curcumin demonstrated a significant effect on neuro-stress through its antioxidant property.

Based on the finding, researchers wrote, "curcumin has the potential to be more efficacious than current treatments. However, its usefulness as a therapeutic agent may be hindered by its low bioavailability".

In other words, in order to overcome the curcumin limitation of bioavailability, the development of new curcumin formulations that increase bioavailability is necessary.

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of AD, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Examining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by Goozee KG1, Shah TM2, Sohrabi HR2, Rainey-Smith SR2, Brown B2, Verdile G2, Martins RN. (PubMed)
(2) The Mechanisms of Action of Curcumin in Alzheimer's Disease by Tang M1, Taghibiglou C. (PubMed)
(3) The Genetics of Alzheimer Disease by Rudolph E. Tanzi. (PMC)