Healthy Food Onion Protects the Healthy Cell Against Cyto and Geno-Toxicity

By Kyle J. Norton

Cytotoxicity is the process that kills cells by inducing toxic substance.

Cancer cytotoxicity is the stage of killing cancer cells by toxicity with or without inducing side effects. 

Most cases of cytotoxicity of a substance are to determine the potential toxicity of the quality of the substance, including plant extracts or biologically active compounds isolated from plants.

In other words, the aim of the cytotoxic studies is to find the minimal quality that is essential for the successful development of pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparation that induces cellular toxicity for the treatment of cancer.

Before the preparation can be used in human, bioassays associated with a number of different cell lines in vitro and vivo have been used to assess the cytotoxicity of many herbal plants, including those of African medicinal plants. 

Free radicals have also been found to induce cytotoxicity to cause cancer death by oxidative stress.

Dr. Clifford Fong wrote, "An analysis of the cytotoxicity data for a wide range of anti-cancer drugs applied to triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and ovarian cancer cells under normoxic, hypoxic and anoxic conditions have shown that free radical forms of the drugs are involved".

And " This finding is consistent with the known involvement of oxidative stress in the TNBC and ovarian cancer cells. A mechanism to explain the formation of these drug-free radicals and how they can be involved in oxidative stress is proposed".

Genotoxicity is the term associated with chemical agents that damages the genetic information within a cell, causing mutations of cell DNA, a major cause of cancer. 

Not all genotoxicity are mutagenicity, However, all mutagens are genotoxic.

The onion is a plant in the genus Allium, belonging to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic. It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures. 

Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the effect of an onion extract on cyto- and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes treated with bleomycin (BLM), a radiomimetic agent.

In radiation exposure -induced oxidative DNA damage in the increased risk of cancer, the risk the richest sources of dietary flavonoids found in onion inhibited the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and DNA damage following treatment with BLM, according to the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and a single cell gel electrophoresis assay. 

 Phytochemicals in the onion showed a significant increase in cell viability in lymphocytes exposed to BLM compared to cells treated with BLM alone.

Onion also suppressed the increased frequency of BLM induced MN and DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner evidenced by lymphocytes viability pretreated with onion extract (10 and 20 μL/mL).

Moreover, the frequency of BLM-induced MN was decreased at all doses of BLM and DNA damage was decreased by the administration at 3 μg/mL of BLM.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "onion extract may have protective effects against BLM-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes".

Taken altogether, onion processed abundantly bioactive compounds may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective Effect of Onion Extract on Bleomycin-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Human Lymphocytes by Cho YH1,2, Lee JW3, Woo HD4, Lee S5, Kim YJ6, Lee Y7, Shin S8, Joung H9, Chung HW. (PubMed)
(2) Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Hancornia speciosa latex in Allium cepa root model by Ribeiro TP1, Sousa TR1, Arruda AS1, Peixoto N1, Gonçalves PJ2, Almeida LM. (PubMed)
(3) Free radicals in chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in triple negative breast and ovarian cancers under hypoxic and normoxic conditions by Clifford Fong (HAL)