Phytochemical Betacyanins Might Process Anti Prostate Cancer Potency

By Kyle J. Norton

The prostate gland is a male reproductive organ warped around the urethra located in front of the rectum and just below the bladder responsible for making some of the semen that carries sperm.

The muscle of the prostate gland also plays a critical in nourishing and protecting sperm by secreting fluid in perm ejaculation into the urethra.

Prostate cancer is a medical and chronic condition characterized by abnormal cell growth in the tissues of the prostate.

Most cases of prostate cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissue of the prostate, before penetrating into the deeper layers to colonizing the entire prostate through cell proliferation.

At the advanced stage, prostate cancer also can spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing. Enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the physical (rectum) exams.

According to the statistics provided by the Canadian Cancer Society,  in Canada, 1 in 7 men will develop prostate cancer during their lifetime, and the mortality rate of men is 1 in 27.

In other words,  1 in 4 men diagnosed with prostate cancer will die because of the disease.

The exact causes of prostate cancer are unknown, Epidemiologically, researchers do know that the below are some factors that increase the prevalence of the diseases

* Age
The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with the age of over 45

* Family history
If one of your directed family members has prostate cancer, you are twice at risk to develop it.

*  Race
Prostate cancer is more likely to strike black and white in the US.

* Heredity

Researchers found that up to 70 percent of men with prostate cancer have lost one copy of the Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene at the time of diagnosis. The tumor protein 53
(p53) mutations are a late event in pathology of prostate cancer.

* Low levels of vitamin D in the blood
Researchers found that men with a deficiency of level of vitamin D in the blood are at higher risk to develop prostate cancer.

*  Excessive drinking
Excessive drink not only increases the risk of liver cancer but also associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer as it interferes with folate metabolism.

* Enlarged prostate
Men with an enlarged prostate are at high risk in developing prostate cancer.

*  Sexual transmitting diseases
Infected diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis are associated with a higher risk of the diseases.

* Obesity
In a study of Obesity May Raise Risk of Prostate Cancer Spread, Christopher J. Keto, MD, a urological oncology postdoctoral associate at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. found that overweight men were three times more likely to have their cancer spread.

However, most people with some of the risk factors have never had developed prostate cancer

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of prostate cancer, researchers examined the effect of the red beetroot extract (Beta vulgaris L.), the FDA approved red food color E162 on the development of multi-organ tumors in experimental animals.

In human androgen-independent, human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) researchers compared the cytotoxic effect of the red beetroot extract with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (adriamycin), 

* Both doxorubicin and the beetroot extract exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in the PC3 cancer cell lines.

* Further analysis of the cytotoxic activity of beetroot extract, researchers found that although the cytotoxicity of the beetroot extract was significantly lower compared to doxorubicin, it continued to decrease the growth rate of the PC-3 cells (3.7% in 3 days vs. 12.5% in 7 days) at the concentration of 29 µg/ml compared to those of doxorubicin which completely inhibited the growth of the PC-3 cells in three days at the same concentration level.

* According to the chemical differentiation, the efficacy of beetroot extract anti-prostate cancer activity was attributed to the major betacyanin constituent, that plays an important role in the cytotoxic exhibition.

In other words, all phytochemicals work synergistically to exert anti-prostate cancer property, particularly,  betanin, the major ingredient of betacyanin.

Taken altogether, betacyanins used alone or combined with conventional medicine may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1)  Cytotoxic effect of the red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract compared to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in the human prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancercell lines by Kapadia GJ1, Azuine MA, Rao GS, Arai T, Iida A, Tokuda H. (PubMed)
(2) Prostate Cancer by Kyle J. Norton