Herbal Turmeric Promotes the Neuron Integrity

By Kyle J. Norton

A neuron or nerve cell made of a cell body (also called soma), dendrites and an axon,  is a cell in the nervous system that carries electrical impulses. 

Neurons are core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves that play an essential role to process and transmit information.

The function of neurons can be classified into 3 types

* The sensory neurons found within the nervous system that convert external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses. In other words, sensory neurons are activated by sensory input from the environment, including physical input of sound, touch, heat, or light.

*The motor neurons transmit impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles,. In other words, motor neurons directly control all of the muscle movements.

* The interneurons connect the motor and sensory neurons. In other words, the interneurons transfer signals between sensory and motor neurons.

Most common diseases associated with neurons dysfunction are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Lou Gehrig's disease or classical motor neuron disease that disrupts signals to all voluntary muscles on both sides of the body.

Dr. Hui-Ming Gao, the lead scientist in the investigation of the dysfunction and death of neurons in human degenerative neurological diseases wrote, "Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by slow progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to deficits in specific brain functions (e.g. memory, movement, cognition) performed by the affected CNS region. 

And, "These neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple system atrophy. Neurodegenerative diseases usually extend over a decade, and the actual onset of neurodegeneration may precede clinical manifestations by many years".

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential ingredient for the treatment of neurological cancer, researchers examined the neuroprotective effect of fermented C. longa (FCL) in two brain cell lines (rat glioma C6 and murine microglia BV2) and scopolamine-treated mice.

According to the tested differentiation, C. longa powder fermented by 5% Lactobacillus plantarum K154 containing 2% (w/v) yeast extract at 30 °C for 72 h followed by sterilization at 121 °C for 15 min, effectively prevented the cells death induced by oxidative stress in the tested C6 cells.

Furthermore, FCL inhibited the production of free radicals and proteins associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells.

Moreover, FCL significantly protected the neuron integrity in the hippocampus by attenuating scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and AChE activity associated with neuron damage.

FCL also protected the neurons against the reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that has a strong impact on synaptic function and neuronal development and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) associated with long-term memory.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "FCL pretreatment could alleviate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in C6 and BV2 cells, respectively. Thus, FCL might be a useful material for preventing impairment of learning and memory".

Taken altogether,  fermented turmeric may be considered supplements for the protection of the neuron integrity, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice by Eun CS1, Lim JS2, Lee J3, Lee SP1,2, Yang SA. (PubMed)
(2) Curcumin inhibits the side population (SP) phenotype of the rat C6 glioma cell line: towards targeting of cancer stem cells with phytochemicals by Fong D1, Yeh A, Naftalovich R, Choi TH, Chan MM. (PubMed)
(3) Why neurodegenerative diseases are progressive: uncontrolled inflammation drives disease progression by Hui-Ming Gao and Jau-Shyong Hong. (PMC)