Phytochemical Betacyanins Processes Cytotoxic Effect Against Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

The cytotoxic effect is the process to kill cells through toxic substances, particularly in cancer cells.

Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses drugs to treat any disease, including cancer.

Chemo drug also has been used to shrink the tumor before surgery or combined radiotherapy to remove, kill, or damage cancer cells in a certain area, 

Chemo travel along the bloodstream to kill cancer cells throughout the whole body.

There are over 100 different types of chemo drugs, including
* Docetaxel (Taxotere), is a type of chemo drug used for the treatment of a chemotherapy drug. It is used to treat many types of cancer including breast, prostate, stomach, head and neck, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

* Eribulin (Halaven) is used mostly for the treament of breast cancer by interfering with cancer cell division and growth.

* Ixabepilone (Ixempra) is used in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

* Paclitaxel (Taxol) has been used for the treatment of used to treat a number of types of cancers, including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer.

* Vinblastine is most commonly used for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer.

Conventionally, chemo drugs have been found to induce serious side effects, including fatigue due to the loss of healthy cells, hair loss associated with the damage of hair follicles, easy bruising and bleeding, infection due to the weakened immune system, anemia is caused by the loss of red blood cells, digestive symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, appetite changes, and constipation.

Some of the symptoms may be going away as soon as the treatment stops. However, some symptoms  may take months or years after the treatment stops before disappearing

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a natural compound for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the extract of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), the FDA approved red food color E162, cytotoxic effect.

Compared to the chemo drug doxorubicin (adriamycin), betanin, the major betacyanin constituent showed to exhibit a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and in the well-established estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), comparable to those of doxorubicin.

In time analysis, although the cytotoxicity of the beetroot extract was significantly lower compared to doxorubicin which completely inhibits the growth of the PC-3 cells in three days, the extract continued to decrease the growth rate of the PC-3 cells (3.7% in 3 days vs. 12.5% in 7 days) at the concentration of 29 µg/ml.urthe

Furthermore, in the normal human skin FC and liver HC cell lines, the extract showed a significantly lower cytotoxic effect compared to doxorubicin (8.6% vs. 100%, respectively, at 29 µg/ml concentration of each, three-day test period). 

In chemical differentiation, the efficacy of beetroot extract was attributed to chemical compound betanin, the major betacyanin constituent in exerting the cytotoxicity.

Based on the finding, researchers said, "Further studies are needed to evaluate the chemopreventive potentials of the beetroot extract when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin to mitigate the toxic side-effects of the latter".

Taken altogether, betacyanins processed the major bioactive ingredient betanin may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytotoxic effect of the red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract compared to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in the human prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancercell lines by Kapadia GJ1, Azuine MA, Rao GS, Arai T, Iida A, Tokuda H. (PubMed)