Herbal Therapy: Herbal Anise extract and Essential Oil in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Kyle J. Norton 

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is medical condition characterized by fat accumulated in the liver tissue other than excessive consumption of alcohol.

According to statistic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of most common cause of liver disease with a prevalence rate of 20%–30% in Western world.

In the comparison the effect of anise fruit essential oil and extract and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, researchers at the Islamic Azad University conducted a experiment of 60 rats randomly divided into ten groups, six in each group with NAFLD induced by using choline-deficient diet for 90 days and followed by 30 days of treatment with 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day of hydroethanolic extract (AE) as well as 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg/day of essential oil (AO) and found that both applications exerted a significantly reverse activities in increased AE and AO plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol and decrease in high-density lipoprotein level caused by choline-deficient diet in dose-dependent manner.

Additional differentiation also found that AE and AO reduced the elevated levels of enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) which are considered as an indication of either liver injure or damage caused by the acute inflammation in the experiential subject model.

Observation of injection anise AE and AO also exerted a powerful antioxidant activity in significant lower over expression of ROS in exhibited free radical chain reaction in induction of oxidative stress to precipitated liver toxicity.

According to the histological findings, researchers concluded that both AE and AO display a substaintial effect in reduced macrovesicular steatohepatitis which is the leading cause of liver cancer.

Further analysis also addressed that  both anise AE and AO demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorated lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress indicated by elevation of plasma level of 8-isoprostane which is correlated to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Elevated 8-Isoprostane values activated by lipid peroxidation induced by injection of choline-deficient diet are also considered as a biomaker in patient with non alcoholic liver disease and correlated to with body mass index and with total cholesterol in NAFLD but did not significantly related to sex, age, biochemical data or iron metabolism markers in all liver diseases.

Therefore, people with high body mass index and high levels of total cholesterol levels are susceptible to increase risk of the diseases.

Taken together, herbal Anise with abundant of bioactive chemical constituents and essential oil may be effective for reduced risk and treatment of non alcoholic liver disease, but intake of herbal extract should only prescribed by related field specialist in prevention of toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Pimpinella anisum L. fruit: Chemical composition and effect on rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by Asadollahpoor A1, Abdollahi M2, Rahimi R3,(PubMed)