Herbal Therapy: Herbal Anise In Attenuated Risk, Progression and Treatment of Neuro degenerative Disease

Kyle J. Norton 

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and progression and treatment of neuro-degenerative disease, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

Neurodegenerative disease is the progressive condition characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons leading to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's disease

According to statistic as of today 5 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer'sdisease; 1 million from Parkinson's; 400,000 from multiple sclerosis (MS); 30,000 from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), and 30,000 from Huntington's disease. By 2030, the disease is estimate to increase substantial as many as 1 in 5 American elder over the age of 65 

According to the vivo and in vitro experimental models, application of essential oil isolated from anise expressed a significantly neuro protective effect in seizure attacks induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection and neuronal hypoxia induced by oxygen withdrawal as well as on production of dark neurons and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP).

Further examine, researchers found that injection of Anise oil significantly prolonged the period between seizure attacks by inhibited the production of dark neurons activated by depolarization, glutamate release caused by toxicity of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce neuron collapsed in different regions of the brain in epileptic rats and reduced the amplitude and duration of epileptiform burst discharges due to neuron abnormal excitability induced by injection of intraperitoneal PTZ

Moreover, application of Anise essential oil also significantly enhanced the duration of the appearance of anoxic terminal negativity in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices in initiated neuro protective effect through direct stabilization of the cell membrane after acute onset of hypoxia and ischemia caused by oxygen withdrawal and inhibited induction of LTP.

Dr. Karimzadeh F, the lead author, after taking into account of other con founders said, "the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of anise oil, likely via inhibition of synaptic plasticity".

Additionally, the investigate the Pimpinella anisum (Anise) on the physiological and neurological parameter on normal and diabetic rats induced by Streptozetocin (STZ), by assigning rats randomly to eight groups: 1P stP control group and received citrate buffer, 2P ndP diabetic group treated with STZ (50mg/kg. b. wt), 3P rdP BPA group treated with BPA (30mg/kgbwt), 4P thP Anise group treated with anise oil. (3g/kgb. wt),5P thP STZ + BPA group combination between STZ and BPA with the same dose, 6P thP group treated with (STZ+Anise), 7P thP group treated with (STZ + Anise + BPA) and 8P thP group received Anise and BPA indicated that rat group treated with Anise (STZ + Anise) and diabetic rats treated with (Anise + BPA) exerted a significant decrease the levels of Norepinephrine(NE) in stimulated stress, mood, restlessness and anxiety disorders caused by oxidative stress.

Interestingly, rat group treated with Anise alone or combined with other substances also reduced the levels of dopamine (DA) and the 5-HT in induction of neuro toxicity in comparison with vehicle and diabetic (STZ) group.

These result suggested that treatment of Anise decreases neurotoxic effect induced by (BPA), particularly, in application of BPA increased substantial toxicity in diabetes in compared to control.

Further to support the efficacy of essential oil of Pimpinella anisum in protection against neuro degenerative disease,  researchers at the Saida University conducted an experiment to test the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the essential oil against chronic lead acetate (0.2%) intoxication during the gestation and lactation period, in Wistar rat pups, the results suggested that injection of toxic chemical induced impairments of brain weight and increased psychological parameters of the level of anxiety, depression and locomotor hyperactivity in compared to control rats were inhibited by administration of Anise essential oil without causing effect of brain weight

Taken together, Anise essential oil may be considered as an adjunct therapy to reduced risk and used combination with conventional standard medicine in attenuated progression and treatment of neuro degenerative disease.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain by Karimzadeh F1, Hosseini M, Mangeng D, Alavi H, Hassanzadeh GR, Bayat M, Jafarian M, Kazemi H, Gorji A.(PubMed)
(2) NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PIMPINELLA ANISUM ON NEUROTOXICITY Full Proceeding Paper INDUCED BY BISPHINOL A ON NORMAL AND DIABEITC RATS by FAWKYEIA A. EL-HODAIRY Physiology Department, NODCAR, Giza, Egyp
(3) Neuro beneficial effects of Pimpinella anisum against lead exposure by Khaled Kahloula, Miloud Slimani, Djallel Eddine Houari Adli, Sahra Rachdi, Dallel Boumediene Department of Biology, Biochemistry Laboratory, Saida University, Saida 20000, Algeria