Avocados are a commercially
valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the
world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after
harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and
Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average
76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20%
saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7
mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars
(glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose,
a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances
(1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and
1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins;
persenones A and B(a).
Persin, the toxin chemical compound found in the fruits and leaves of
avocado showed to inhubut huamn breast cancer cell line, in the testing
of synthetic analogues of the avocado-produced
toxin persin(1). In support to the above, researchers at the Gavan
institution, suggested that persin could be given together with commonly
used breast cancer drugs like tamoxifen, which seem to act in a
different way, patients would benefit by needing smaller amounts of each
type of medicine. Indeed, in the laboratory, persin and tamoxifen look
to be a good combination(2). Other member of Persea, Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm is a member from the same genus with avocado, in the
Lauraceae family, widely distributed in Southeast Asia, in the
testing against MCF-7 Cells showed that its bark methanolic crude
extract (PDM) inhibit cell cycle arrest and subsquently induced
apoptosis through increased the expression of the proapoptotic
molecule, Bax(pro-apoptosis), but decreased the expression of
prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2 (pro-apoptotic oranti-apoptotic) and
Bcl-xL(pro- and anti-survival protein) in a dose-dependent manner(3).
Side effects1. Skin product of avocado oils may contain
latex which can cause skin side effect in certain people with
hypersensitivity to latex, leading to symptoms of reddening of the skin,
itching, hives, or eczema.
2. Liver damage
Certain types of avocado may cause liver damage as a result of collagen accumulation in the liver
3. Breastfeeding
Some types of Avocado may be unsafe during breastfeeding as it can cause problems of upset stomachs in babies.
4. Drugs
Avocado may decrease the effect of "blood thinning" or anti-inflammatory medications.
5. It may cause symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting,
diarrhoea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation due to
toxic fatty acid derivative, Persin.
6. Etc.
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References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogues of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells by Brooke DG1, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Persin - the avocado toxin that kills breast cancer cells(Gavan Institution)
(3) Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm Bark
Crude Extract Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle
Arrest, Bcl-2/Bax/Bcl-xl Signaling Pathways, and ROS Generation by
Narrima P1, Paydar M1, Looi CY1, Wong YL1, Taha H2, Wong WF3, Ali Mohd M1, Hadi AH(PubMed)
Health Researcher and Article Writer. Expert in Health Benefits of Foods, Herbs, and Phytochemicals. Master in Mathematics & Nutrition and BA in World Literature and Literary criticism. All articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only.
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