Grape Seed Extract is the commercial extracts from whole grape seeds that contains many concentrations, including vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs), etc..The
herb has been used in traditional medicine as antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory agents and to treat skin wounds with less scarring,
allergies, macular degeneration, arthritis, enhance circulation of blood
vessels, lower cholesterol, etc.
Health Benefits 1. Ulcer
in
the comparison of effects of Grape Seed Extract (GSE) and vitamins C
and E on aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and associated
increases of lipid peroxidation in rats, found that GSE protected
against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers more effectively than VC or VE,
while its protection against aspirin ulcers was comparable for all
treatments. GSE produced the greatest reductions of gastric MDA in both
models, according to" Effects of grape seed extract, vitamin C, and vitamin e on ethanol- and aspirin-induced ulcers" by Cuevas VM, Calzado YR, Guerra YP, Yera AO, Despaigne SJ, Ferreiro RM, Quintana DC.(1)
2. Pulmonary fibrosis
in assessment of grape seed extract
(GSE) or vitamin E (Vit E) as antioxidants in effecting oxidative
stress implication in the pathogenesis of silica-induced lung fibrosis
indicated that according to the results of this study GSE could reduce
the fibrogenic effect of silica. However; no synergistic effect was
observed after co-administration of GSE and Vit E, according to "A comparative study of grape seed extract and vitamin E effects on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats" by Hemmati AA, Nazari Z, Samei M.(2)
3. Liver protective effect
In
the observation of the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX), a widely used
cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, and its liver protective effect found
that GSE was supplemented, no significant changes in blood count
parameters were noted. It appears that GSE protects the rat liver and
inhibits methotrexate-induced oxidative stress. These data indicate
that GSE may be of therapeutic benefit when used with MTX, according to
"Role of grape seed extract on methotrexate induced oxidative stress in rat liver" by Cetin A, Kaynar L, Kocyigit I, Hacioglu SK, Saraymen R, Ozturk A, Sari I, Sagdic O.(3)
4. Antioxidant Activity
in the assessment of phenolic content, antioxidant activity of White and red wines spiked with green tea extract and grape seed extract found that the green tea extract and grape seed extract
increased antioxidant activity dose-dependently and the CRTs varied
considerably between the Korean and Australian groups, with Koreans
preferring wines spiked with green tea extract and Australians showing a preference for wines spiked with grape seed extract, according to "Total
Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Cross-Cultural Consumer
Rejection Threshold in White and Red Wines Functionally Enhanced with
Catechin-Rich" by Yoo YJ, Saliba A, Prenzler PD, Ryan DM.(4)
5. Skin Photoprotection
In
the study of polyphenols distributed in plant foods, such as, fruits,
vegetables, nuts, flowers, bark and seeds, etc., found that the
selected polyphenols include: green tea polyphenols, pomegranate fruit extract, grape seed
proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, silymarin, genistein and delphinidin.
The new information on the mechanisms of action of these polyphenols
supports their potential use in skin photoprotection and prevention of
photocarcinogenesis in humans, according to "Polyphenols: Skin Photoprotection and Inhibition of Photocarcinogenesis" by Afaq F, Katiyar SK.(5)
6. Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries
In the evaluation of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract
(GSPE) protects against renal I/R injury found that GSPE significantly
reduced increases in urea, creatinine and cystatin C; increased kidney
superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase levels and
reduced malondialdehyde levels. GSPE reduced histological renal damage
and nuclear factor-κB activity. These results suggest that GSPE
reduces renal dysfunction and injury caused by renal I/R, according to "Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Reduces Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries in Rats" by Wei R, Ding R, Wang Y, Tang L.(6)
7. Anticancers
a. In the reviews of Grapes and grape-based products as one such class of dietary products and its cancer
chemopreventive potential, indicated that Overall, completed studies
from various scientific groups conclude that both grapes and grape-based
products are excellent sources of various anticancer agents and their
regular consumption should thus be beneficial to the general
population, according to "Anticancer and cancer chemopreventive potential of grape seed extract and other grape-based products" by Kaur M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R.(7a)
b. In the study of the biological and chemopreventive activities of grape seed
polyphenols and its inhibition of either initiation or
promotion/progression stages of carcinogenesis found that suggest that
the chemopreventive activity of polyphenols extracted from seedless grape cultivars was as effective as that of the seeded variety and these may have beneficial effects in disease states, especially cancer, according to "Antitumor-promoting effects of polyphenolic extracts from seedless and seeded Indian grapes" by Ramchandani AG, Karibasappa GS, Pakhale SS.(7b)
8. Colon Cancer
In the investigation of polyphenols of grape waste and its protection against human diseases related to oxidative stress, such as colorectal cancer, found that the grape extract has a significant antiproliferative effect in a tumor cell line. These data indicate that grape extract is a promising product to be used as an anti-free radical agent and could exert a chemopreventive action, according to "Grape waste extract
obtained by supercritical fluid extraction contains bioactive
antioxidant molecules and induces antiproliferative effects in human
colon adenocarcinoma cells" by Lazzè MC, Pizzala R, Gutiérrez Pecharromán FJ, Gatòn Garnica P, Antolín Rodríguez JM, Fabris N, Bianchi L.(8)
9. Prostate cancer
In the analyzing the bioflavonoids from Grape seed extract (GSE) and theirs effect on prostate
cancer (PCA) found that that GSE possibly causes mitochondrial damage
leading to cytochrome c release in cytosol and activation of caspases
resulting in PARP cleavage and execution of apoptotic death of human
PCA DU145 cells. Furthermore, GSE-caused caspase 3-mediated apoptosis
also involves other pathway(s) including caspase 9 activation,
according to "Grape seed extract induces apoptotic death of human prostate
carcinoma DU145 cells via caspases activation accompanied by
dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c
release" by Agarwal C, Singh RP, Agarwal R.(9)
10. Atherosclerosis
in
the association of consumption of red wine and other polyphenolic
compounds and prevention of cardiovascular diseases found that aortic
atherosclerosis evaluated as the cholesterol content in aortic tissue
was comparable in the control and GSE-dosed females, but it was
significantly reduced in the abdominal part of GSE-dosed male compared
to the controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding GSE extract
to Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits had no significant
effects in females but was associated with transient less
hypercholesterolemic response to semisynthetic diet, according to "Effects of red grape skin and seed extract supplementation on atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits" by Frederiksen H, Mortensen A, Schrøder M, Frandsen H, Bysted A, Knuthsen P, Rasmussen SE.(10)
11. Arthritis (CIA)
in the examination of whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) effect on collagen-induced arthritis
(CIA) in mice found that GSPE dose-dependently suppressed
osteoclastogenesis in vitro. GSPE significantly reduced hydrogen
peroxide production by anti-CD3-monoclonal-antibody-stimulated CD4+
splenocytes. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of
GSPE attenuated CIA in mice. GSPE may be useful in the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis, according to "Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis" by Cho ML, Heo YJ, Park MK, Oh HJ, Park JS, Woo YJ, Ju JH, Park SH, Kim HY, Min JK.(11)
12. Etc.
Side Effects
1. Overdose may cause headache, itchy scalp, dizziness, and nausea, abdominal pain etc.
2. Do not take the herbs if you have high blood pressure
3. Grape seed extract may interact with other medication, such blood thinner, NSAID painkiller, etc.
4. Do not take the herb in children or if you are pregnant without approval of the related field specialist.
5. etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162675
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18547852
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19051353
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133028
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070679
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157385
(7a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19640973
(7b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19105538
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19627204
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12419835
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17441214
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19446580
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