Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some
form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that
age.
Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to
interfere with
people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of
dementia
in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of saturated
and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and vegetable
which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases
I. Causes of Dementia
D. Diet Causes of Dementia
Scientist at Kuakini Medical Center; Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Healthcare System, in a study of to determine whether adhering to a healthy lifestyle in midlife may reduce the risk of dementia, indicated that Men at low risk od dementia, were defined as those with the following midlife
characteristics: nonsmoking, body mass index (BMI) less than
25.0 kg/m(2) , physically active, and having a healthy diet (based on
alcohol, dairy, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, cereals, and ratio of
monounsaturated to saturated fat).(1)
1. Saturated fat and Trans fat
Saturated fat are important for energy, hormone production,
cellular
membranes, especially for
important signaling and stabilization processes in the body,
but over consumption of saturated fat can cause cholesterol buildup in
the arteries of which can lead to heart diseases, stroke, diabetes, etc.
Several studies conducted in animal models and in humans provided
evidence for a role of DHA in preventing brain degeneration.
Significantly lower levels of PLGN were observed in patients with severe
dementia.
Moreover, a decreased activity of carnitine acetyltransferase, an enzyme
present in peroxisome (but also detected in mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and nucleus), was reported in AD patients(2)
Where peroxisome are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells.They
are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched
chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of
plasmalogens, etherphospholipids critical for the normal function of
mammalian brains and lungs(3). Other study suggested that suggests that a
high saturated fat and cholesterol intake increases the risk of dementia, whereas fish consumption may decrease this risk.(4)
In the investigation of the effects of trans fat in dementia show that trans fatty acids compared to cis fatty acids
increase amyloidogenic and decrease nonamyloidogenic processing of APP,
resulting in an increased production of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides,
main components of senile plaques, which are a characteristic
neuropathological hallmark for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, our results show that oligomerization and aggregation of Aβ are increased by trans fatty acids. The mechanisms identified by this in vitro study suggest that the intake of trans fatty acids potentially increases the AD risk or causes an earlier onset of the disease.(5)
2. Artificial sweetener
Artificial sweetener can cause obesity, there are several reports that the use of artificial sweeteners
leads to an increased consumption of fat. The weak ability of fat to
satisfy hunger makes it easy to overeat fatty foods; in contrast,
carbohydrates promote a feeling of 'fullness'. Various short-term
studies have found that carbohydrate consumed as a liquid, rather than a
solid, is more likely to result in weight gain.(6) Researchers at the showed that Central obesity in midlife increases risk of dementia independent of diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities. Fifty percent of adults have central obesity; therefore, mechanisms linking central obesity to dementia need to be unveiled.(7).
3. Fast Foods
Fast foods, unwholesome foods, containing high amounts of artificial ingredients, are products processed and pre-prepared so that they can be cooked
fast and handed over to the customer in minutes. On Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, patients had anxiety, tension,
depression, difficulty in concentration, and memory. On Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale, these patients had anxiety, depression, and
hypochondriasis. On Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale, psychological factors affected include: anxiety, depression, somatic concern and tension, etc. The data reflects that unwholesome diet and disturbed mental health plays an important role in etiopathogenesis of senile dementia (8).
4. Artificial ingredients
In a article HOW DOES CONCUSSION, MSG, AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE ALL
meet, the writer stated that Athletes, soldiers, and high school
students are simultaneously
ingesting huge amounts of MSG and aspartate in a standard American
diet....MSG and aspartame sensitize injured human nerves to the effects
of acute
concussion when they occur. Even though, there are no mention of the
writer about of dementia but the words of neurodegenerative disease was
indicated.(9)
5. Alcohol
While moderate alcohol drinking are associated with a reduced risk of unspecified incident dementia
and AD, while for VaD, cognitive decline, and predementia
syndromes(10), excessive consumption of alcohol not only cause liver
damage but also increases the risk of euro-degeneration, causing
dementia. Studies published from 1971 to 2011 related to alcohol and cognition in the elderly were reviewed using a PubMed search. Alcohol may have both a neurotoxic and neuroprotective effect. Longitudinal and brain imaging studies in the elderly show that excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia, but low to moderate alcohol intake may protect against cognitive decline and dementia and provide cardiovascular benefits(11)
6. Low intake of fruits and Vegetables
a. Nutrition plays a role in the ageing process of the brain and suboptimal nutrient intake might precede clinical cognitive
impairment. In the study of 285 community-dwellers aged 60 or olde,
conducted by The Chinese University of Hong Kong, showed that Older
people with questionable dementia have lower intakes of
vegetables, fruits and fluid than those who were cognitively normal.
This may pose additional health risks, and increase their chance of
progressing into dementia.(12)
7. Meat
The typical American diet contains high amounts of red meat with amount
of saturated fat of that can increase the risk of cholesterol build up
in the blood vessels and capillaries that can lead to heart diseases and
stroke. Researchers at Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine
suggested that Although high or low (no) meat consumption was associated with elevated or reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease, Moderate meat consumption, up to ∼100 g/day, was not associated with increased mortality from ischemic heart disease, stroke or total cardiovascular
disease among either gender. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
advance online publication.(13)
8. Etc.
Finally, I would like to summarize this article with the research
from University of Bar, How diet effect the cognitive function and how
they are associated with dementia
*Elevated
saturated fatty acids could have negative effects on age-related
cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
*Furthermore, at
present, epidemiological evidence suggests a possible association
between fish consumption, monounsaturated fatty acids and
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; in particular, n-3 PUFA) and a
reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
*Poorer cognitive function and an increased risk of vascular dementia
(VaD) were found to be associated with a lower consumption of milk or
dairy products.
*However, the consumption of whole-fat dairy products may
be associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.
*Light-to-moderate alcohol use may be associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia
and AD, while for VaD, cognitive decline and predementia syndromes, the
current evidence is only suggestive of a protective effect.
*The limited
epidemiological evidence available on fruit and vegetable consumption
and cognition generally supports a protective role of these
macronutrients against cognitive decline, dementia
and AD. *Only recently, higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet
was associated with decreased cognitive decline, although the
Mediterranean diet (MeDi) combines several foods, micro- and
macro-nutrients already separately proposed as potential protective
factors against dementia
and predementia syndromes.(14)
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211390
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433776
(3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392577
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22209004
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079895
(7) http://www.neurology.org/content/71/14/1057.abstract
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408297
(9) http://jackkruse.com/where-concussions-diet-and-neurodegeneration-meet/
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494429
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22396679
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20082053
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22333876
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539488
Health Researcher and Article Writer. Expert in Health Benefits of Foods, Herbs, and Phytochemicals. Master in Mathematics & Nutrition and BA in World Literature and Literary criticism. All articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only.
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Thank you for this excellent article, Dr. Norton. Especially appreciate your mention of the role of artificial sweeteners in the diets of Dimentia patients. Our 3 decades of research of aspartame sweeteners definitely supports the information you present today. -- Respectfully, Hon. Mary Nash Stoddard/author Deadly Deception Story of Aspartame (Odenwald Press '98)
ReplyDeleteT^hank you
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