I. Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some
form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that
age.
Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to
interfere with
people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of
dementia
in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of saturated
and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and vegetable
which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases.
II. Causes of dementia
I. Genetic Mutation causes of dementia
Genetic mutation is defined as a condition of changes genetic structure
and alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the
genotype(1). there are always a concern of some dementia patient that
the diseases may have been inherited and they will pass it on to their
children.
1. linkage of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) to 2q35-q26
In the study to investigate the second most frequent form of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease is dementia
with Lewy bodies (DLB) and the relationship between DLB on chromosome
2q35-q36 in a multiplex, Belgian family,researchers at the Department
of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen indicated that Possibly the disease mutation
in this family acts through a more complex mechanism than generally
envisaged for monogenic disorders. Nevertheless, identifying the first
familial DLB gene is likely to contribute an entry point into the
pathogenic cascades underlying DLB pathology.(2)
2. VCP R155H mutation
There are report from the researchers at the Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genova, that Italian family with multiple individuals diagnosed as having IBMPFD and carrying the recurrent R155H mutation. The implications for genetic
counselling were also discussed, with regard to the procedures that may
be offered to families suffering from a multisystem disorder with high
risk of cognitive decline.
3. Genetic mutation and Alzheimer's disease
In the article of With Alzheimer's disease, 4 genes have been identified
that affect its development. Three of these genes (the amyloid
precursor protein (APP ) gene, presenillin gene (PSEN-1), and
presenillin gene (PSEN-1)) affect younger people, while one other
(apolipoprotein E (APOE )) affects older people. It is important to
note, however, that these genetic reasons for Alzheimer's disease are
very rare and account for less than 1 in 1000 cases of the disease(4)
4. Chromosome 3 (FTD-3) caused by a truncating mutation in CHMP2B
Significantly decreased CBF was found in presymptomatic CHMP2B mutation carriers in occipital-and parietal lobes. Comparing SE with GRE, data indicate that FTD-3 vascular pathology might primarily affect brain capillaries(5).
5. Mutations in the NOTCH3
Mutations in the NOTCH3 gene are responsible for cerebral autosomal
dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL), an adult onset hereditary angiopathy leading to ischemic
stroke, vascular dementia and psychiatric disorders(6).
6. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.thefreedictionary.com/genetic+mutation
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164589
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341608
(4) http://www.dementiaguide.com/aboutdementia/typesofdementia/geneticmutations/
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422914
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053260
Health Researcher and Article Writer. Expert in Health Benefits of Foods, Herbs, and Phytochemicals. Master in Mathematics & Nutrition and BA in World Literature and Literary criticism. All articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only.
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