Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this
number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental
ability that is severe enough to interfere with people's every life and
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people
Types of dementia
1. Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder named for
German physician Alois Alzheimer. Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing
problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe enough to affect language
communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse
over time, and it is fatal. Over 1 million people in US alone are currently
afflicted by Alzheimer's disease because of degeneration of hippocampus and
cerebral cortex of the brain where memory, language and cognition are located.
With this mental disorder, brain cells gradually die and generate fewer and
fewer chemical signals day by day resulting in diminished of functions. Overtime
memory thinking as well as behavior deteriorates. Today, there is no known
cure.
2. Absence of acetylcholine
If the nerves located in front of the brain
perish, causing diminished quality of acetylcholine resulting in language
difficulty, memory loss, concentration problem and reduced moblile skills
because of lacking reaction in muscular activity and refection.
3. Dementia due to long-term alcohol abuse
Dementia is common in patients
with alcoholism. Most classic is the Korsakoff's dementia resulting in extremely
poor short term memory and often associated with the memory losses are
confabulations.
4. Multi-infarct dementia
Also known asvascular dementia , is the second
most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older adults. It is
caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the
brain.
5. Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
Parkinson disease (PD) is
a disabling, progressive condition. It is a cognitive deficits due to the
interruption of frontal-subcortical loops that facilitate cognition and that
parallel the motor loop.
6. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
People who have eaten contaminated beef
many years may be infected without even knowing it. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is
a quickly progressing and fatal disease that consists of dementia, muscle
twitching and spasm.
7. Subdural hematoma
It is the accumulation of blood beneath the outer
covering of the brain that result from the rupture of blood vessel. Subdural
hemorrhages may cause an increase in tracranial pressure, which can cause
compression of and damage to delicate brain tissue. Acute subdural hematoma has
a high mortality rate.
There are many types of dementia such as metabolic disorders, dementia due to
long-term substance abuse, hypothyroidism, and hyperethyroidism.
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