Turmeric Inhibits Hyperglycemia induced-Diabetics Complications in Type II Diabetes

By Kyle J. Norton

Hyperglycemia is a condition of abnormally high blood glucose, a hallmark of patients with type II diabetes.istics

According to the statistics provided by the American Diabetes Association,  in 2015, 30.3 million Americans, or 9.4% of the population had diabetes.

Sadly to know that out of the 30.3 million adults with diabetes, 23.1 million were diagnosed, and 7.2 million were undiagnosed.

Long-term hyperglycemia can lead to complications that affect the normal function of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart. In other words, persistent abnormal high blood glucose can cause diseases associated with the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart as a result of small blood damage.

According to the epidemiological studies, various risk factors including unhealthy diet and food and physical inactivity choices, chronic illness and long-term use of certain conventional medication have been found to contribute to hyperglycemia in people with type II diabetes.

Also, people with type II diabetes who frequently skip or not take enough glucose-lowering medication are also in the list of hyperglycemic developing.

Most patients with hyperglycemia are asymptomatic until the levels of blood glucose are elevated over the range of 180 to 200 milligrams per deciliter. 

If you are diabetics and have symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, and headache, please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility of hyperglycemia.

Some researchers suggest that type 2 diabetes patients who are obese are more likely to develop hyperglycemia, compared to non-obese patients.

Dr. Martyn JA, the lead scientist said, "Obesity is a major cause of type 2 diabetes, clinically evidenced as hyperglycemia. The altered glucose homeostasis is caused by faulty signal transduction via the insulin signaling proteins, which results in decreased glucose uptake by the muscle, altered lipogenesis, and increased glucose output by the liver".

And, " Hormones and cytokines from adipocytes can enhance or inhibit both glycemic sensing and insulin signaling".

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

Researchers on finding a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia evaluated the effect of turmeric on patients with type II diabetes.

The study was conducted by reviewing studies published in PubMed from 1998 to 2013, indicating the role of curcumin in attenuation of many pathophysiological processes involved in the development and progression of hyperglycemia.

According to the results of selected studies

* Curcumin showed a significant effect in reducing blood glucose level by decreased hepatic glucose production, and suppression of hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory state.

* Oral administration curcumin inhibited the gene expression of GLUT4, GLUT2, and GLUT3 in the induction of glucose uptake.

* Furthermore, curcumin also activated the proteins that control preproinsulin gene expression in pancreatic islet beta-cells in stimulating insulin secretion.

In other words, curcumin inhibited hyperglycemia by improving pancreatic cell function, inhibiting genes associated with glucose uptake and reducing insulin resistance.

In order to reveal more information of turmeric anti hyperglycemia in type II diabetes, researchers evaluated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice (6 weeks old, n = 5/group).

The turmeric extracts used in the study were obtained by ethanol extraction (E-ext) to yield both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids, hexane extraction (H-ext) to yield sesquiterpenoids, and ethanol extraction from the hexane-extraction residue (HE-ext) to yield curcuminoids.

In the study, the control group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups were fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5 g of H-ext or HE-ext/100 g of diet or 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext/100 g of diet for 4 weeks.

During the experiment, groups fed with 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-text, 0.5 g of H-ext, and 0.5 g of HE-ext/100 g of diet showed significant suppression of the increase in blood glucose levels compared to the blood glucose levels in the control group that significantly increased (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks.

Similar to the aforementioned results, E-ext improved hyperglycemia by stimulating the function of proteins that control preproinsulin gene expression in pancreatic islet beta-cells in stimulating insulin secretion.

Taken altogether, turmeric processed a high amount of bioactive compound curcumin used alone or combined with other herbal medicines may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-hyperglycemic and insulin sensitizer effects of turmeric and its principle constituent curcumin by Ghorbani Z1, Hekmatdoost A2, Mirmiran P. (PubMed)
(2) Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice by Nishiyama T1, Mae T, Kishida H, Tsukagawa M, Mimaki Y, Kuroda M, Sashida Y, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M. (PubMed)
(3) Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hyperglycemia: etiologic factors and molecular mechanisms by Martyn JA1, Kaneki M, Yasuhara S. (PubMed)