Cranberry Restores Cholesterol Profiles and Improves Endothelial Functioning in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Cholesterol produced by the liver and from the dietary sources is needed for the cell to build strong membrane,  produce steroid hormone, bile acids, and vitamin D and aid the digestive functioning.

Most people with high blood cholesterol at the early do not experience any symptoms, however, as the levels of blood cholesterol continue to grow, at some points, patients may experience heart-related symptoms, including chest pain or angina, pain while walking caused by reduced blood flow to the legs.

In serious cases, elevated blood cholesterol can also induce symptoms of stroke and heart attack.

There are 2 types of blood cholesterol
* Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) also is known as “bad cholesterol”. Bad cholesterol is a major cause of plaque build-up in the arteries and a leading cause of coronary heart disease.

*High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as “good cholesterol”. HDL removes LDL cholesterol from your arteries back to the liver.

The healthy ratio of blood cholesterol is 4 LDL)/ 1HLD

Besides a high-fat diet, certain risk factors such as the family history of high cholesterol, being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking and some health conditions including diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease have been found to increase the risk of high blood cholesterol.

Epidemiological studies also suggested that a high level of blood cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

The endothelium is a thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels. The endothelium cells process an essential function in controlling vascular relaxation and contraction.

Furthermore, the endothelium cells also control enzymes associated with blood clotting, immune function, and platelet adhesion.

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of prostate diseases, researchers examined the effect on chronic cranberry juice consumption on cholesterol profiles and vascular functions in an estrogen-deficient animal model.

The study included ovariectomized rats that were treated daily with commercial cranberry juice at 7 mg/kg for 8 weeks, and a dosage comparable to recent clinical studies.

According to the tested analysis, cranberry juice consumption reduced circulating levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, HDL, nHDL, and nHDL/HDL ratio.

Futhermore, cranberry juice consumption improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta of ovariectomized rats by restoring p-eNOS level (endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Overexpression of renin-angiotensin system markers (angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor) associated with blood pressure was also inhibited by commercial cranberry juice.

Furthermore, commercial cranberry juice also normalizes the elevated NAD(P)H oxidase expression and oxidative stress involved in the increased levels of ROS.

Based on the findings, researchers concluded. " the novel cardiovascular benefits of cranberry juice consumption in improving both vascular functions and cholesterol profiles".

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chronic cranberry juice consumption restores cholesterol profiles and improves endothelial function in ovariectomized rats by Yung LM1, Tian XY, Wong WT, Leung FP, Yung LH, Chen ZY, Lau CW, Vanhoutte PM, Yao X, Huang Y. (PubMed)