Cleaver(Galium aparine) Protects the Cells of Thymus Against Alternation of DNA in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

The thymus is a small, irregular-shaped gland in the top part of the chest, just under the breastbone and between the lungs.

The thymus formed part of both the lymphatic system and the endocrine system plays a critical role in the development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, in the immune system through the production of hormones

Unlike most organs, the thymus at its largest in children. Once the children reach puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and replaced by fat.

The most common diseases associated with thymus are myasthenia gravis (MG), pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and hypogammaglobulinemia.

In other words, the myasthenia gravis is a condition caused by abnormally large thymus that produces antibodies that block or destroy the muscles' receptor sites.

The most common symptoms of thymus gland dysfunction are shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, trouble swallowing, loss of appetite and weight loss, headaches, swelling of head face or neck, a bluish color to the skin and dizziness, according to the American Cancer Society.

Cancer is the class of diseases associated with the growth of the cells disorderly and uncontrollably due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, cancerous cells can travel a distance away from the original site to induce secondary metastasis.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, in 2018,1,735,350 new cases were diagnosed, representing more than 4,700 new cancer diagnoses each day.

The lifetime probability of being diagnosed with cancer is 39.7% for men and 37.6% for women.

Thymoma and thymic cancer are medical conditions associated with malignant cells form on the outside surface of the thymus due to the alternative of cell DNA.

According to statistics, thymoma is uncommon and occurs in less than 1 person per 1.5 million people develops thymoma. In other words, about 400 Americans suffer from the development of thymoma each year.

Cleaver is a herbaceous annual plant, genus Galium, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, native to North America and Eurasia. The herb has been used over thousands of years in herbal and traditional medicine as mild diuretic and blood and lymphatic cleanser and to treat psoriasis, skin conditions, glands, tonsillitis, bladder infections, prevent small kidney stone, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of cancer, researchers investigated hot component Diosmetin (DGVL) extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Galium verum L. on the thymus of U14-bearing mice.

According to the tested analysis,

* DGVL inhibited tumor growth and significantly increased the thymus weight compared to control.

* DGVL elevated serum levels of IL-2 and significantly reduced levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. 

In other words, DGVL protected the thymus tissues by increasing the anti-inflammatory and decreasing the pro-inflammatory expressions.

* DGVL protected thymus tissue against the proliferation of the tumor growth by inhibiting thymus lymphocyte apoptosis.

* Furthermore, the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes was significantly increased from 0.69 to 2.29 by treatment with DGVL, observed by the strong immune function.

* The expression of healthy cell death (Fas and FasL) on the thymus was lower in the DGVL treatment group compared to control.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " DGVL can inhibit tumor growth and protect tumor-induced apoptosis of the thymus, and the mechanism is closely associated with reduced cell death in the thymus and a Fas-FasL-dependent pathway".

Taken altogether, herbal cleaver used combination with other herbal medicines may be considered an anti thymus tumor remedy, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective effects of diosmetin extracted from Galium verum L. on the thymus of U14-bearing mice by Zhao R1, Chen Z, Jia G, Li J, Cai Y, Shao X. (PubMed)