Wednesday 18 December 2019

Beta-Sitosterol in the inhibition of Mammary Gland Cancer in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of chronic diseases associated with irregular cell growth in the tissues of the affected organ.

The mammary gland located in the breasts of females is responsible for lactation, or the production of milk.

Both males and females have glandular tissue within the breasts; however, in females, the glandular tissue begins to develop after puberty in response to estrogen release.
A mammary tumor is a medical and chronic condition originated from the milk-producing gland.

The mammary gland located in the breasts of females is responsible for lactation.

Most cases of the mammary cancer are first found in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the milk-producing gland, before penetrating deeper into the layers.

At the advanced stage, the malignant cancer cells can also travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

Epidemiologically, mammary cancer has been found to spread to the colon and the liver.

Most common risk factors of mammary cancer are similar to those of breast cancer, including, aging, physical inactivity, being obese or overweight, family and personal history, having a dense breast, radiation therapy, pregnancy history, genetic proposition, particularly in women who had used drug diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Conventionally, treatment of mammary gland cancer is totally dependent on the stage and grade of cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.


Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of cancer, researchers examined the anti-cancer effects of beta-sitosterol (BS), a plant-derived sterol on mammary gland cancer in albino Wistar rats.

Selected rats induced by a single i.v. injection of MNU followed by β-sitosterol supplementation therapy for 115 days, were randomized and divided into four groups with 8 animals each. Group I (sham control 1 % CMC in normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v); Group III (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg, p.o); Group IV (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 20 mg/kg, p.o).

According to the experimental analysis,
* Treatment with β-sitosterol inhibited the onset of mammary gland cancer evidenced by the decrease in the alveolar bud and lobule score in the whole mount of the mammary gland.

* Furthermore, β-sitosterol inhibited the overexpression of oxidative stress through synchronizing lipid and enzymatic antioxidant defense.

* Moreover, β-sitosterol demonstrated showed a significant decrease in the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid.

* Additionally, β-sitosterol treatment inhibited the protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) overexpression, a marker for tumors in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the MNU treatment group.

Based on the evidence, researchers said, "β-sitosterol afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU".
Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of mammary gland cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effect of β-sitosterol against methyl nitrosourea-induced mammary glandcarcinoma in albino rats by Manral C1, Roy S1, Singh M1, Gautam S1, Yadav RK1, Rawat JK1, Devi U2, Ansari MN3, Saeedan AS3, Kaithwas G. (PubMed)



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