Healthy Food Tomato Promotes Immunomodulatory Activity Against the Onset of Colitis In Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Colitis is chronic a condition associated with the inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum, and rectum.

Colitis can be classified into the microscopic colitis, ischemic colitis, segmental colitis associated with diverticula, radiation colitis, diversion colitis, eosinophilic colitis and Behcet's colitis(a), according to the  Catholic University of the Sacred Heart.

Most common symptoms of colitis are totally depending on the types. However, the general symptoms include

* Adnominal pain and diarrhea
There is a report of a 25-year-old Iranian gentleman was admitted to hospital with severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain as a result of herbal-induced weight loss adverse effects. On flexible sigmoidoscopy, a continuous length of congested mucosa with multiple small ulcers was seen extending up to the mid-transverse colon, in keeping with ulcerative colitis, according to the study by
Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust(1)

2. Bleeding per rectum
Acute ischaemic colitis (AIC) is being increasingly recognized as an uncommon cause of abdominal pain associated with fresh bleeding per rectum and diarrhea, according to the study by University Central Hospital(2).

3. Distention with bloody diarrhea
The typical clinical presentation is acute sudden abdominal pain and distention with bloody diarrhea(3).

4. Abdominal bloating and flatulence
In the study to estimate the prevalence of microscopic colitis and SIBO in patients with IBS, to evaluate the symptoms and the efficacy of treatment found that out of the 132 patients initially diagnosed with IBS 3% (n=4) had microscopic colitis and 43.9% (n=58) had SIBO. Diarrhea was the main symptom in patients with microscopic colitis and SIBO (p=0.041), while abdominal pain, abdominal bloating and flatulence were prominent in IBS patients (p=0.042; p=0.039; p=0.048)(4).

5. Changes in bowel habits
Abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, and changes in bowel habits are common presenting symptoms in individuals with functional GI disorders(5).

6. Fever and severe dehydration
There is a report of a 19-year-old man with a 1-year history of ulcerative colitis presented with fever, bloody diarrhea, and severe dehydration. He was on po.48 mg methylprednisolone and 3 g mesalazine daily and has recently finished taking clarithromycin for Campylobacter jejuni infection(6).

7. Urgency
The study to examine the differing perspectives and perceptual gaps relating to ulcerative colitis (UC) symptoms and their management between patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), indicated that fifty-five percent of patients stated that UC symptoms over the past year had affected their quality of life, while physicians and nurses estimated that 35% to 37% of patients would have a reduced quality of life over the same period. Patients ranked urgency and pain as the most bothersome symptoms(7)

8. Other symptoms
There is a report of a case of a 51-year-old Caucasian male who was evaluated for abdominal pain, elevated liver enzymes, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, severe peripheral arthralgias, and chronic watery diarrhea as a result of granulomatous enterocolitis. due to Sarcoidosis(8). Other study conducted by Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with rats in the model group, showed lethargy, poor appetite, loss of energy, diarrhea and bloody stool(9).

If you have experienced some of the aforementioned symptoms persistently with no signs of stopping, please make sure you check with your doctor to rule out the possibility of colitis.

Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

On finding healthy foods for the treatment of colitis, researchers examined the impact of tomato lycopene extract (TLE) on intestinal inflammation.

The study included mice lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced innate signaling and experimental colitis fed a diet containing 0.5 and 2% TLE or isoflavone free control (AIN-76).

According to the tested assays, TLE blocked LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation and RelA translocation associated with the onset of colitis by blocking the inhibition of the protein involved in cytokine production.

Futhermore, MIP-2, a small cytokine mRNA accumulation in IEC-18 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 12 (IL-12) induced by LPS were inhibited by the injection of TLE.

Moreover, application of TLE also increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, a regulator of inflammation and MCP-1 mRNA associated with macrophage recruitment in the colon of TLE-fed subjects.

The results strongly suggested that tomato extract inhibited the colitis in mice through its modulatory of immune and inflammatory activity.

Taken altogether, tomato may be considered a dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of colitis, pending to large sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Tomato lycopene extract prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB signaling but worsens dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in NF-kappaBEGFP mice by Joo YE1, Karrasch T, Mühlbauer M, Allard B, Narula A, Herfarth HH, Jobin C. (PubMed)
(2) Colitis - Types and Symptoms by Kyle J. Norton