Herbal Therapy: Anise In Ameliorated Risk, Progression and Treatment of Oxidative Stress Related Chronic Diseases

Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Anise may have positive and potential effect in inhibited over expression of oxidative stress in initiated diseases expression, some scientists postulated.

Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by over expression of ROS in compared to low levels of antioxidants in the body.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....


Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.


In the study to evaluated Anise essential oil effect in metabolic disease favism, an acute hemolytic anemia caused by G6PD deficiency of a total of 48 male albino rats divided into six groups: group 1 orally administrated 1 mL distilled water, group 2 orally received 300 mg/kg anise oil, group 3 orally administrated 100 mg/kg anethole over a seven-day period, group 4 favism-induced rats, group 5 orally administrated 300 mg/kg anise oil and group 6 orally administrated 100 mg/kg anethole once a day over a seven-day period prior to favism induction, researchers found that groups treated with Anise anethole showed a significantly inhibited the reduced-levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell counts, serum glucose, blood glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in compared to group 4 favism-induced rats.

Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs and low levels of hemoglobin is a biomaker of anemia.

Hematocrit is a ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood. Low levels of hematocrit is an indication of anemia with destruction of red blood cells and risk of bleeding.

Blood glutathione is antioxidants produced by our body. Low levels of glutathione is associated to patient with chronic diseases caused by over expression of ROS.

 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase chronic deficiency is associated to development of  favism.

Truly, by inhibited reduced levels of glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide with a free sulfhydryl group, Anise improved the antioxidant status through its antioxidant expressors and improved natural antioxidant in the tissue by increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression.

These results suggested that Anise exerted significant antioxidant activity in inhibited oxidative stress in induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in facilated the development of favism.

Further analysis of the anti oxidative effect of different extracts and essential oil from Pimpinella anisum L. seeds in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxic models including human liver cancer cell line HepG2 and male Sprague-Dawley rats, researchers found that application of the n-hexane extract found in Anise essential oil, effectively attenuated CCl4-induced toxicity through improved the expression of cell viability, cellular reduced and oxidized glutathione and lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells.

The final assessment suggested that although Anise exerted strong anti ROS production, some extracts and essential oil do not have a profound effect in reduced oxidative stress expression by initiated antioxidant production of both in the herb and the host.

Dr. Jamshidzadeh A, after taking into account of futher analysis, the lead author said, "As the oxidative stress markers were ameliorated, it might be concluded that anise seed possesses protective effects probably due to its antioxidant constituents".

The above differentiation were supported by the study conducted by Dr. Conforti F and colleagues in the assessment of chemical profile of Anise.

According to the results, Anise extract containing most abundant major components of monoterpenes trans-anethole (54.5%), limonene (13.5%), and sabinene (4.4%) displayed a significant antioxidant activity (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 3.02 mg/mL) observed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.

Moreover, the administration of the extract also inhibited over production of nitric oxide (NO)  in precipitated oxidative stress in induction of cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction.

Finally, researchers postulated that Anise extract with abundant petrochemicals have a significant anti oxidative stress effect through its antioxidant and antioxidants produced by the host body without inducing  toxicity to nearby healthy cells.

Taken together, Anise may be considered as a functional herb in ameliorated risk, progression and treatment of oxidative stress in induction of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetics, rheumatoid arthritis,....

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The Protective Role of Anise Oil in Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Produced in Favism. by Koriem KM1, Arbid MS2, El-Gendy NF(PubMed)
(2) Protective effect of Pimpinella anisoides ethanolic extract and its constituents on oxidative damage and its inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by Conforti F1, Tundis R, Marrelli M, Menichini F, Statti GA, De Cindio B, Menichini F, Houghton PJ.(PubMed)
(3) An in vivo and in vitro investigation on hepatoprotective effects of Pimpinellaanisum seed essential oil and extracts against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity by Jamshidzadeh A1, Heidari R2, Razmjou M3, Karimi F3, Moein MR4, Farshad O5, Akbarizadeh AR6, Shayesteh MR3.(PubMed)