Popular Herbs - @Chamomile

Chamomile is also known as camomile, common name of many species daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.

Health Benefits 1. Chronic primary insomnia
Intake of 270 mg of chamomile twice daily has exerted the enhancement of sleep diary measures, including total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep quality, and number of awakenings, according to the study of "Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study" by Zick SM, Wright BD, Sen A, Arnedt JT(1)

2. Anti-allergic activity
The methanol extract of Matricaria recutita L. has shown anti-allergic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells, according to the study of "Anti-allergic activity of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) in mast cell mediated allergy model" by Chandrashekhar VM, Halagali KS, Nidavani RB, Shalavadi MH, Biradar BS, Biswas D, Muchchandi IS.(2)

3. Peristomal skin lesions
German chamomile has exerted the properties in relieving itching and inflammation of peristomal skin lesions with twice-daily application, according to the study of "Using chamomile solution or a 1% topical hydrocortisone ointment in the management of peristomal skin lesions in colostomy patients: results of a controlled clinical study" by Charousaei F, Dabirian A, Mojab F.(3)

4. Neuroprotective activity
German chamomile methanol extract (GCME) has shown shown the ability to treat neuroprotective activity by significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total thiol levels, against AlF₄⁻- and may be used to treat oxidative brain damage, according to the study of "Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita against fluoride-induced stress in rats" by Ranpariya VL, Parmar SK, Sheth NR, Chandrashekhar VM.(4)

5. Anxiety
Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy has exerted the modest anxiolytic activity in patients with mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder, according to the study of "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder" by Amsterdam JD, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J.(5)

6. Hypnotic activities
Chamomile extract has demonstrated the exhibition of antagonistic effect on the shortening in sleep latency as benzodiazepine-like hypnotic activity, according to the study of "Hypnotic activities of chamomile and passiflora extracts in sleep-disturbed rats" by Shinomiya K, Inoue T, Utsu Y, Tokunaga S, Masuoka T, Ohmori A, Kamei C.(6)

7. Oral wound healing
Chamomile stimulated re-epithelialization and the formation of collagen fibers after 10 days of treatment of healing of ulcers in rats, according to the study of "Effects of Chamomilla recutita (L.) on oral wound healing in rats" by Duarte CM, Quirino MR, Patrocínio MC, Anbinder AL.(7)

8. Anti and tumors and cancers
Three phenols extracted from Chamomile have shown the antigenotoxic effect against the hydrogen peroxide effect and also exhibited tumoricidal activity and induced apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells, according to the study of "Antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction by apigenin, bisabolol, and protocatechuic acid" by Anter J, Romero-Jiménez M, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Villatoro-Pulido M, Analla M, Alonso-Moraga A, Muñoz-Serrano A.(8)

9. Anti-inflammatory effects
Chamomile has demonstrated the inhibition of NO production and iNOS gene expression by inhibiting RelA/p65 activation and supports the utilization of chamomile as an effective anti-inflammatory agent, according to the study of "Chamomile: an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity' by Bhaskaran N, Shukla S, Srivastava JK, Gupta S.(9)

10. Gastroprotective effects
Aqueous extract of Chamomilla recutita has exhibited the regulation of ACE-mediated gastroprotection against ethanol-induced ulceration by glutathione (GSH), acording to the study of "Gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Chamomilla recutita against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers" by Al-Hashem FH.(10)

11. Antibacterial effects
Essential oils from Matricaria chamomilla has exhibited the anti-bacteria against Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus as a result of its chemical compunds camphor, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, limonene, menthol, a-pinene, b-pinene, and thymol, according to the study of "Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model' by Soković M, Glamočlija J, Marin PD, Brkić D, van Griensven LJ.(11)

12. Immunomodulatory effect
Extracts of Silene (Silene nocturna), Black seed (Nigella sativa) and Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) have exerted significantly (P < 0.01) restored their resistance against lethal infection with the predominately granulocyte-dependant Candida albicans, according to the study of "Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of three herbal plants growing in Egypt" by Ghonime M, Eldomany R, Abdelaziz A, Soliman H.(12)

13. High blood pressure
Daily oral administration of Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extract (CNAE) has significant reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the day 8, according to the study of "Hypotensive effect of Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats' by Zeggwagh NA, Moufid A, Michel JB, Eddouks M.(13)

14. Etc.

Side effects
1. Chamomile may cause allergic reaction such as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, trouble breathing.
2. Do not use the herb if you are pregnant or breast feeding with out approval of related field specialist.
3. Chamomile may interact with blood the medicine
4. Overdoses may cause sedative effects
5. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21939549
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21651969
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617262
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21599496
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19593179
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863883
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196867(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21182433
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21042790
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21063650
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030907
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20507215
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811353