Sunday 17 May 2020

Pinto Beans (Phaseolus), the Natural Anti-Oxidative Stress Legume

By Kyle J. Norton

Oxidative stress is a medical condition characterized by the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes produced by the host tissue.

In some cases, this reaction can also be caused by the long-term accumulation of toxic substances in the body, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic.

There is no single cause of oxidative stress. Some researchers suggested that a number of factors can facilitate the onset of oxidative stress, including cigarette smoke, oxidative burst from activated macrophages, particularly, the free radicals chain reaction.

Sadly, a prolonged period of oxidative stress presented in the human body can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, (lipids, proteins, DNA) and the death of healthy cells through cytotoxicity.

Certain chronic diseases are found to be associated with oxidative stress, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetics, rheumatoid arthritis, post-ischemic perfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, and stroke.

Free radical is an unstable atom with a single electron on the outermost ring. Given its nature, free radical readily donate or intercept an electron from another atom, leading a chain of the free radical cascade that cannot be stopped until all single electron is paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

The antioxidant is a stable atom with a function to inhibit oxidation, come either from dietary sources or produced by the body.

Contrast to general belief, free radical is also needed in moderated amount for the function of the heart muscle to pump blood such as NO for vasodilation and increasing blood flow.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, scientists examined the effects of bioactive peptide fractions from de-hulled hard-to-cook (HTC) bean on enzyme targets of oxidative stress.

Pinto bean is also known as common bean, genus Phaseolus and the family Fabaceae. It has a mottled appearance of darker reddish-brown spots on a lighter brownish beige background, thus appearing painted or spotted.

According to tested analysis of proteins isolated from Pinto Durango and Negro 8025 beans that were hydrolyzed (120min) with either alcalase® or bromelain and separated into five peptide fractions (<1, 1-3.5, 3.5-5, 5-10, and >10kDa) 

* Hydrolysates and peptide fractions showed antioxidant capacity (ORAC: 159.6±2.9 to 932.6±1.1mmolTE/g) and nitric oxide inhibition (57.5±0.9 to 68.3±4.2%).

* The <1kDa pinto Durango-bromelain fraction showed the best inhibition of α-amylase (49.9±1.4%), and the <1kDa pinto Durango-alcalase fraction inhibited both, α-glucosidase (76.4±0.5%), and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, 55.3±1.6%) induced by the oxidative stress response.

In other words, pinto beans demonstrated significant activity against the onset of oxidative stress through its antioxidant activity.

Taken altogether, pinto beans may process antioxidant properties against chronic diseases, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Hard-to-cook bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins hydrolyzed by alcalase and bromelain produced bioactive peptide fractions that inhibit targets of type-2 diabetes and oxidative stress by Oseguera-Toledo ME1, Gonzalez de Mejia E2, Amaya-Llano SL. (PubMed)

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