Friday 1 May 2020

Herbal Ashwagandha Protects the Neuron Against the Onset of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a type of dementia that causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles.


Dementia is a condition of neurodegeneration syndrome among elders, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment. Over 47 million of the worldwide population are affected by the disease, mostly in the West.

Free radicals have been found to induce Lou Gehrig's disease. Researchers found that glutamate in the synapses enhances the production of free radicals(77) only in motor nerve cells but spare other nerve cells. such as cells control senses and other body functions, causing disruption of astrocytes in regulated glutamate levels.

Maintaining a balanced ratio of antioxidant and free radicals is essential for our body to perform a daily physiological function properly.

Truly, if our body is overwhelmed by overexpression of free radicals, it will be weakened by oxidative stress, causing adversely altered lipids, proteins, and DNA that can trigger a number of human diseases(a), including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Free radicals are unstable molecules that contain at least an unpaired electron with function as oxidants or reductants by donating an electron to or accept an electron from other molecules to exhibit chain and domino's effects.

The most common oxygen-containing free radicals found epidemiologically in induced chronic diseases, including hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen singlet, hypochlorite, nitric oxide radical, and peroxynitrite radicals.

Antioxidants have been found to reduces the risk of Lou Gehrig's disease by inhibiting the overexpression of free radicals, including
* Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin)
High doses of vitamin B12 as an antioxidant have shown to improve or slow muscle wasting in the later stages of patients with ALS disease(78)(79).

* Vitamin E
Vitamin E protected against cell membranes from lipid peroxidation damage(80) in reducing the risk of breakdown of the cell membrane cause of ALS(81).

* Superoxide dismutase enzyme
Mutations in the superoxide dismutase enzyme can increase the risk ALS(82) in catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide(83).

* Cerebral cortex
Oxidative stress and DNA alternation triggered neuron damage(84) were found in elevated levels in mice with ALS(85).

* Amino acids
Diet high in amino acids as antioxidants have shown some promising effect in treating ALS(86)(87).

Ashwagandha also is known as Withania somnifera is a nightshade plant in the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the dry parts of India, North Africa, Middle East, and the Mediterranean.

The herbal medicine has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles, memory loss, and ulcers and considered as anti-stress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging herbal medicine.

In the urgency to discover a natural ingredient for the treatment of neurological diseases, researchers examined the protective effects of Withania somnifera extract in the SOD1G93A mouse model with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

According to the tested analysis, the administration of WS extracts by gavage to mice expressing G93A mutant form of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD1) found in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse increased longevity, improved motor performance and increased number of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord.

In other words, WS extracts inhibited the expression of mutated SOD1 by increasing the cellular chaperons with conformational folding functions.

Furthermore, proteins associated with the induction of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptosis are also reduced by the injection of WS, through the extracts' immunomodulatory activity.

Moreover, WS extract also induced autophagy at the early stages of the disease, by cleaning out the damaged cells.

Based on the findings, researchers said," WS extracts might constitute promising therapeutics for the treatment of ALS with the involvement of misfolded SOD1".


Taken altogether, Ashwagandha may be considered supplements for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective effects of Withania somnifera extract in SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by Dutta K1, Patel P1, Julien JP. (PubMed)
(2)The holistic Prevention, Management, and Treatment of Dementia - Free radical causes of Lou Gehrig's disease(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) by Kyle J. Norton

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