Tuesday 12 May 2020

Healthy Veggie Broccoli Inhibits the Onset and Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy induced by Cisplatin

By Kyle J. Norton

Kidneys are to bean-shaped organs located below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine with a function to filter out blood and remove waste through urinary secretion.

The kidney also plays a critical in maintaining the levels of fluids in the body, by removing extra fluids to make urine.

Furthermore, the kidney also regulates electrolytes, blood pressure, maintains acid-base balance, produces hormone calcitriol, renin, and erythropoietin.

Diabetes is a chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.

In other words, diabetes occurs when cells in the pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

Long-term unmanaged hyperglycemia can damage the part of the kidneys thus reducing the kidney function in filter waste from the blood filters, leading to 'leaky' syndrome that allows protein into your urine.

Diabetic renal inflammation is a condition associated with inflammation in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (Dn) is the 3 stages of kidney change in patients with diabetes. In this stage, patients may experience symptoms of abnormally elevated urinary albumin excretion, compared to the 15 and 300 μg/min in the baseline situation. 

Epidemiologically, diabetic nephropathy is also associated with cardiovascular disease and increases the mortality of diabetic patients.


Metabolic and hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system are some of the risk factors that have been found in patients with Dn.
The progression of diabetic nephropathy that leads to an increased rate in albumin excretion is higher in patients with increased blood pressure.

The condition in the advanced stage can lead to symptoms of worsening blood pressure, protein in the urine, swelling of feet, ankles, hands or eyes, increased need to urinate, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, fatigue and persistent itching.

In severe cases, patients may also experience symptoms of confusion or difficulty concentrating.

More importantly, if high blood pressure is left untreated, diabetic nephropathy can induce persistent proteinuria >0.5 g/ 24 h that furtherly declines the renal function with the mean fall rate being around 1 ml/min/mo.

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The vegetable has large flower heads, usually green in color and the mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant on the continent of Europe.

On finding a potential plant for the treatment of kidney diseases, researchers examined the effects of Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural constituent of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, etc., on nephropathy.

In a rodent model of CIS-induced nephropathy, the administration of SFN
* Cisplatin triggered marked activation of stress signaling pathways and promoted cell death in the kidneys associated with attenuation of various prosurvival signaling pathways.

* Cisplatin also markedly enhanced inflammation in the kidneys.

The pretreatment of rodents with SFN demonstrated a significant attenuation of all parameters induced by the chemo drug. 
 
Moreover, the cisplatin-induced nephropathy is associated with activation of various cell death and proinflammatory pathways to cause renal injury was also inhibited by the injection of SFN.

Taken altogether, broccoli may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of nephropathy, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sulforaphane, a natural constituent of broccoli, prevents cell death and inflammation in nephropathy by Guerrero-Beltrán CE1, Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Rajesh M, Tapia E, García-Torres I, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Pacher P. (PubMed)

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