Broccoli's Sulforaphane (SFN), the Natural Pulmonary Injury Protector

By Kyle J. Norton

The lungs are a vital organ of the human being, located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air then transporting them to the bloodstream to nourish the body cells' need and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

In other words, any diseases involved in breathing problems that reduce the function of the lung are pulmonary diseases.

Lung diseases are a group of medical conditions that cause the reduced function of the lung inhaling oxygen to the blood and exhaling carbon dioxide from the blood.

Pulmonary diseases are a class of diseases associated with the lungs, including asthma, COPD, influenza, pneumonia and tuberculosis, and lung cancer.

Pulmonary injury protection is the process that protects the lung functioning against damage or injury.

Any part of the lung injury can reduce lung function, leading to either obstructive or restrictive lung diseases or mixed lung disease, depending on a person's breathing.

In smokers, the Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI) associated with an e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI), recently has been found to induce pulmonary injury.

The ATS journals in the study of the "Vaping-associated Pulmonary Illness (VAPI)" wrote, "To date, the CDC has reported an epidemic of “severe lung disease” caused by vaping. Patients have presented with a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness and chest pain following the use of vaping devices".

And, "As of September 16th 2019, the CDC has confirmed six deaths attributed to VAPI, and is evaluating over 350 cases.".

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.

With an aim to find natural food for the prevention of pulmonary injury protection, researchers examined the effects of Sulforaphane (SFN) and standardized broccoli sprout extract diet (SBE) on pre-activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling protects lungs from an oxidant-induced acute injury.

According to the results of wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) mice given SFN orally or as standardized broccoli sprout extract diet (SBE) before hyperoxia or air exposure-induced pulmonary injury and oxidation Indice, SFN or SBE in Nrf2+/+ mice but not in Nrf2-/- mice showed a strong activity in protecting the lung against the lung oxidative stress.

Furthermore, SFN upregulated a large cluster of basal lung genes that are involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular protection only in Nrf2+/+ mice.

Compared to the transcript abundance of the mitochondrial machinery genes which are remained significantly higher after hyperoxia exposure, SFN-treated Nrf2+/+ mice are lower than in SFN-treated Nrf2-/- mice.

In other words, the preactivation of antioxidant enzymes pathways Nrf2 plays an important role in enhancing the function of phytochemical SFN.

Moreover, nuclear factor-κB associated with the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression also was showed that the efficacy of SFN also involved the molecule in transcriptome networks.

Collectively, researchers said, "SFN is suggested to be as a preventive intervention in a preclinical model of acute lung injury by linking mitochondria and Nrf2. Administration of SFN alleviated acute lung injury-like pathogenesis in an Nrf2-dependent manner".

Taken altogether, broccoli sprouts processed abundantly SFN may be considered supplements for the prevention of pulmonary injury, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.



Intake of SFN in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sulforaphane enriched transcriptome of lung mitochondrial energy metabolism and provided pulmonary injury protection via Nrf2 in mice by Cho HY1, Miller-DeGraff L2, Blankenship-Paris T3, Wang X2, Bell DA2, Lih F4, Deterding L4, Panduri V4, Morgan DL5, Yamamoto M6, Reddy AJ7, Talalay P8, Kleeberger SR. (PubMed)
(2) Vaping-associated Pulmonary Illness (VAPI) by ATS Journals