Thursday, 30 April 2020

Pinto Beans (Phaseolus) in the Promotion of Gut Microbiota Functioning

By Kyle J. Norton

Gut microbiota or gastrointestinal microbiota, the complex community of microorganisms in our digestive tracts plays a critical role in a variety of metabolic functions, including produced vitamins, synthesized all essential and nonessential amino acids, and carried out biotransformation of bile.

Gut microbiota protects the intestinal structures and functions by attaching to the gut wall against the entry of pathogenic, enteroinvasive bacteria into the epithelial cells.

The gut microbiota plays a vital role in human health, including the key processes of nutrition-enhancing the digestive functioning, lipid, and energy metabolism by inducing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenolics, and other molecules, and pathogen resistance by promoting the immune function.

In a healthy individual, the levels of gut microbiota are balanced that allow the body to function in an optimal way.

Furthermore, gut microbiota also is found to stimulate the production of some vitamins (B and K), digest certain foods that the stomach and small intestine have not been able to digest, particularly in the combat against the aggression of other bad microorganisms.

In the immune perspective, gut microbiota protects the intestines by alerting the immune response against foreign invasion through specific receptors, induced immune system in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines.

However, the imbalance of digestive gut microbiota has been found to induce a number of diseases, syndromes, and functional aberrations, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and wider systemic manifestations of disease such as obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Imbalanced gut microbiota is found in obese patients, compared to healthy weight individuals.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of digestive diseases, scientists examined how legume type and processing method affected digestibility, and subsequent gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) formation from the pinto bean in vitro digestion.

Pinto bean is also known as common bean, genus Phaseolus and the family Fabaceae. It has a mottled appearance of darker reddish-brown spots on a lighter brownish beige background, thus appearing painted or spotted.

According to the tested analysis of the digestion residues that were fractionated into the soluble and insoluble fiber, and fermented by microbiota from pig feces,
* In vitro, the digestibility was affected significantly by processing method and legume type.

* Autoclaving resulted in higher digestibility.

* The in-vitro digested bean residues caused a rapid pH decrease in the first 12 h during the fermentation with pig feces, and a significant increase in the formation of SCFAs.

More precisely, there is a positive modulation of the gut microbiota by the in-vitro digested bean residues.

Pinto bean exhibited the highest relative abundance in the treatments with germinated bean's soluble residues related to the gut microbiota.

Taken altogether, Pinto beans may improve the balance of the gut microbiota, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid composition as affected by legume type and processing methods as assessed by simulated in vitro digestion assays by Chen Y1, Chang SKC2, Zhang Y3, Hsu CY4, Nannapaneni R. (PubMed)

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