Dandelion(Taraxacum officinale), the Potential Antimicrobial Remedy

By Kyle J. Norton

Microbial organisms refer to microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters.

Microorganisms are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, and most of them are unharmful to humans.

Antimicrobial activity is an action that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. In humans, these actions are carried out daily by the immune system.

Infection is a processive condition caused by the battle of the invasion of microorganisms and the host immune white blood cells. Microorganism during the battle might produce toxins which can lead to the initiation of infection-related transmissible disease or communicable disease.

In acute infections, the systematic immune system responds properly to the invasive pathogen, leading to a brief battle after which the immune system is always victorious.

However, chronic infections occur when the immune cannot kill off the invasive stimuli in the acute phase of infection, leading to chronic infectious diseases.

The most common diseases associated with microbial infection include

* Diseases caused by bacteria are totally dependent on the types of bacterias, such as pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, and foodborne illnesses caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella.

* Diseases caused by the virus include smallpox. the common cold and different types of flu. measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox, and shingles. hepatitis. herpes and cold sores. polio. rabies, Ebola and Hanta fever.

* Diseases caused by parasites are malaria, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and toxoplasmosis.

* Diseases caused by fungi aspergillosis usually occurs in patients with lung diseases or weakened immune systems and Candidiasis is caused by the yeast Candida.

Depending on the types of microbial infection, most common symptoms are fever, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle aches, and coughing 

Dandelion is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Taraxacum, belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the world. It has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat gout, eczema, acne, gall bladder, kidney, liver and urinary disorders, hypoglycemia, dyspepsia with constipation, edema, blood pressure, and heart weakness, chronic joint, skin diseases, etc.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, scientists examined the Taraxacum officinale, for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (TOL-AgNPs) anti-microbial activity, ranging between 5 and 30 nm, with an average particle size of about 15 nm.

According to the tested differentiation, the TOL-AgNPs (at 20 μg/mL concentration) showed significant antibacterial activity with significant growth inhibition of phytopathogens X. axonopodis (22.0 ± 0.84 mm) and P. syringae (19.5 ± 0.66 mm).

Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs had higher antibacterial activity in comparison with commercial AgNPs.

Moreover, nanoformulations with tetracycline showed better broad-spectrum efficiency to control phytopathogens.

Most importantly, AgNPs also possessed significant antioxidant potential and The TOL-AgNPs showed a high cytotoxic effect against human liver cancer cells (HepG2).

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "dandelion-mediated AgNPs synthesis can represent a novel approach to develop effective antimicrobial...drugs with a cheap and eco-friendly nature.".

Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered a remedy for the protection against microbial infection, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of an ancient herbal medicine, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), evaluation of their antioxidant, anticancer potential, and antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens by Saratale RG1, Benelli G2,3, Kumar G4, Kim DS5, Saratale GD. (PubMed)