Green Peas (Pisum Sativum) Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Diabetes is a chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.

In other words, diabetes occurs when cells in the pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

Insulin sensitivity is a term to measure how sensitive the body's cells are in response to insulin. 

In other words, in insulin resistance subject, signals sent out by the hormone insulin was ignored by the cell of the muscles, body fat, and liver that process the function to convert glucose into energy.

Epidemiologically, people with insulin resistance are associated with an increased risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and chronic conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and cancer.

Insulin resistance is considered a hallmark of type II diabetes and a condition in the cluster of metabolic syndrome.

There is no single cause of insulin resistance. Medical conditions, being extreme overweight, ethnicity, genetic proposition, and physical inactivity are some of the prevalent risks of insulin resistance.

Most cases of insulin resistance in the Western world are involved in the clogged up insulin receptors.
As the signals of hormone insulin are blocked, insulin resistance develops, leading to more production of insulin by the pancreas.

Over time insulin resistance that leads to damage to the beta cell in the pancreas, an early condition of prediabetes and types 2 diabetes.

According to the US statistics, approximately, 60 to 70 million individuals are affected by insulin resistance with 40% of individuals older than 50 years may be at risk for insulin resistance.

Green peas are species of Pisum Sativum belongings to the family Fabaceae and native to western Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to the Himalaya Mountains. The pea is a green, pod-shaped vegetable and a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world.

On finding a potent ingredient for the treatment of diabetes, researchers investigated the total RNA extracted from livers of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD + pea hulls (PH) diet.

According to the tested analysis,
* PH group showed a significant increase in the intermediaries of β-oxidation: C16-OH and C16:1 acylcarnitines (>50%, p < 0.05) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (100%, p < 0.05), a catabolic process that fatty acid molecules are broken down, compared with the HFD group.

Where increased 3-hydroxybutyrate levels are associated with insulin sensitivity and reduced demand for insulin.

* mRNA of Hadha, a gene involved in β-oxidation, was significantly reduced by 53% (p < 0.005) in the PH group compared with the HFD group,

* Levels of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) associated with lipid metabolism in the liver were no different in both groups.

Based on the results, scientists said, " feeding PH alters lipid metabolism in the liver, which may contribute to improved glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rats".

Taken altogether, green peas may be considered a functional food for the treatment of insulin resistance,  pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Improved glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rats after pea hull feeding is associated with changes in lipid metabolism-targeted transcriptome by Chan CB1, Gupta J, Kozicky L, Hashemi Z, Yang K. (PubMed)