Phytochemical Alliin Inhibits the Parameters Associated with the Onset of Diabetic Complications

By Kyle J. Norton

Diabetes is a medical condition characterized by the failure of the body to utilize the insulin in converting glucose to energy, leading to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream.

Most cases of diabetes are associated with either beta cells of the pancreas died-off or insulin receptor site clogged-up by fat and cholesterol.

Diabetic complications in most cases are caused by long-term unmanaged hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes.

Hyperglycemia occurs in diabetics due to uncontrolled diet, skip diabetes medication and improper use of insulin injection.

Most common complication of diabetes is associated with the damage of tiny blood vessels that nourish the related organ and tissues, leading to the risk for developing microvascular and macrovascular complications.  includes 

* Cardiovascular disease 

* Nerve damage

* Kidney damage

* Eye damage

* Foot damage 

And skin problems

Dr. Waqas Sami, in the evaluation of the effect of diet and type 2 diabetes wrote, "Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major factors for the rapidly rising incidence of DM among developing countries".

And, "In type 2 diabetics, recently, elevated HbA1c level has also been considered as one of the leading risk factors for developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Improvement in the elevated HbA1c level can be achieved through diet management; thus, the patients could be prevented from developing diabetes complications".

In other words, by following a healthy diet to normalize the levels of HbA1c level, accompanied by moderate exercise, risk of diabetic complication can be manageable.

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

On finding a potential compound for the prevention of diabetic complications, researchers examined the effect of alliin, the most abundant sulfur compound in garlic antidiabetic complications against glycation.

Where advanced glycation is considered one of the major pathways associated with the development and progression of a number of diabetic complications including nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy.

Based on the results, alliin exerted a significant effect on glucose and methylglyoxal (MG)-induced by glycation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), that leads to decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity, fragmentation/cross-linking in fragment ion association with impaired cross-link, and reduced cross-reactivity with anti-SOD antibodies.

Moreover, the expression of glycation of SOD also leads to the formation of AGEs and fibrils.

In other words, alliin offered protection against elevated levels of glucose or MG induced glycation of SOD.

Additionally, alliin efficacy against the onset of hyperglycemia was comparable with that of quercetin which is reported to be a potent natural inhibitor of glycation. 

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "Alliin has a good antiglycating effect and hence is expected to have therapeutic potential in the prevention of glycation-mediated diabetic complications".

Taken altogether, alliin may be considered supplements for the prevention of glycation-mediated diabetic complications, depending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Characterization of antioxidant activity of sulfur compounds in black garlic by Wang WD1, Sun YE1, Chen HW. (PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of alliin from Allium sativum on the glycation of superoxide dismutase by Anwar S1, Younus H. (PubMed)
(3) Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review by Waqas Sami,1,2 Tahir Ansari,3 Nadeem Shafique Butt,4 and Mohd Rashid Ab Hamid. (PMC)